BIBLIOGRAHY GENDER AND GOVERNANCE
February 2011
Latest update: December 2015
Annette Evertzen
Quotas
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
GENDER AND (LOCAL)
GOVERNANCE PROCESSES
This bibliography is
based on the following collections:
§
The Internet, being the easiest
way to get information in many countries
All the relevant
literature on gender and governance and gender and legislation found on the
Internet is given.
§
Inter Parliamentary
Union
All their important
literature on gender and governance in general, and gender and governance in
African countries.
It is possible to
search the collection on-line, with abstracts, see page 2.
To find more
literature about women in politics the following sources can be helpful:
A
bibliography on Internet, with abstracts:
Inter-Parliamentary
Union
Women in politics;
world bibliography.
http://www.ipu.org/bdf-e/Bdfsearch.asp
The World
Bibliography is accessible for research on the Internet. It will be constantly up-dated to take
account of new books and articles produced throughout the world on the subject
of women in politics. Contains abstracts.
Ndulo, Muna
Constitutional provisions and enhancing participation of women in
elections. UN-OSAGI, 2004.
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/meetings/2004/EGMelectoral/EP2-Ndulo.PDF
The Office of the Special Adviser on Gender
Issues and the Advancement of Women (OSAGI), organized an Expert Group Meeting
on "Enhancing women’s participation in electoral processes in
post-conflict countries", in New York, January 2004.
This paper discusses the participation of women
in post conflict societies from a perspective of the legislative measures that
can be taken to enhance the participation of women. It also considers non
legislative measures such as the role of the media. The paper first provides a
background on constitutional provisions relevant to elections, next examines
the participation of women in elections and the problems they face in their
efforts to participate in elections. It then considers legislative approaches
that have been taken in several countries to increase women participation. It
ends with a conclusion that focuses on the chances of achieving the objective
of improving women participation in elections.
Woroniuk, B.; Schalkwijk, J.
Electoral support and equality between women and
men. Stockholm: SIDA,
1998.
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/6/2/29592332.pdf
Tipsheet.
Beijing Platform for
action
Women
in power and decision-making.
http://www.vrouwen.net/vweb/wcw/chap4g.html
Strategies for governments,
political parties and the civil society, to increase women in decision-making.
Official document from the World Conference in Beijing.
Hunt Alternatives Fund / The Institute for
Inclusive Security
Strategies for policymakers. Bringing women Into
government. Hunt Alternatives Fund,
2009.
Women bring important skills, attributes, and
perspectives to the governance process. Few times offer policymakers as good an
opportunity to increase the number of women participating in government as
those windows immediately after conflicts. Those women who have successfully
entered government have tended to build governance systems that are more stable
and transparent, and more often accepted as legitimate by society. They have
demonstrated the ability to bridge political divides, highlight women’s
concerns, facilitate a consultative and participatory approach to policymaking,
and press for government accountability. Despite their documented
contributions, they are largely excluded.
In October 2000, the UN Security Council
mandated women’s full participation in peace building in Resolution 1325. Few
policymakers, however, know how to fulfill this
obligation. This guide intends to provide the international community with
concrete strategies to successfully bring women into government.
This publication presents case studies of
Afghanistan, Cambodia, and Rwanda.
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Guidelines for Women’s Caucuses. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2013.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/caucus-e.pdf
The purpose of these Guidelines
for women’s caucuses is to equip women with the tools needed to create a
caucus and outline a standardized, step-by-step process for doing so. These
Guidelines can also help to improve the effectiveness of existing caucuses,
focusing the attention of parliamentarians on the key issues and all of the
various aspects entailed in creating and
running a caucus and
achieving its objectives. They are illustrated by examples observed in
different parts of the world.
Also available in French: http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/caucus-f.pdf
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Handbook for parliamentarians. The Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol. New York / Geneva: United Nations /
Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2003.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/cedaw_en.pdf
This handbook,
jointly produced with the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women,
offers a comprehensive and educational presentation of the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, which is the most
comprehensive international instrument on women's rights, and its Optional
Protocol. The handbook presents the background to and content of the Convention
and the Optional Protocol and describes the role of the Committee on the
Elimination of Discrimination against Women, which secures implementation at
the national level. It provides examples of best practices and gives an
overview of what parliamentarians can do to ensure effective implementation of
the Convention and encourage use of the Protocol. It also proposes model
instruments and reference material as aids designed to facilitate the work of
legislators.
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Equality in politics. A survey of women and men in parliaments. Geneva:
Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2008.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/equality08-e.pdf
This publication is the result of survey
research conducted by the IPU between 2006 and 2008. It collates insights from
both men and women parliamentarians into the factors that shape decision
making. It provides concrete examples of how parliamentarians are working to
attain gender equality in politics at the national level, and how parliaments
can become more gender-sensitized. Survey respondents also identify several
structural changes that could help to promote women's access to and full
participation in parliament.
Also available in French: http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/equality08-f.pdf
And Spanish: http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/equality08-s.pdf
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Women in parliament: 20 years in review. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2015.
http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/WIP20Y-en.pdf
This publication looks at how women's
representation in parliament has fared in the 20 years since the adoption of the
Beijing Platform for Action on women's empowerment as well as in the year
between 2014 and 2015. Although the news that the percentage of women MPs has
nearly doubled since 1995 seems encouraging, the lack of significant progress
in 2014 questions whether quotas have reached the peak of their impact.
Also available in French: http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/WIP20Y-fr.pdf
and Spanish: http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/WIP20Y-sp.pdf
Inter-Parliamentary
Union (IPU)
Women in politics: 60 years in retrospect. Information kit. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2006
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/wmninfokit06_en.pdf
Published on the occasion of the 50th session of
the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women which reviewed progress made
in the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action, this information kit
is composed of six data sheets on women's participation in politics over the
past 60 years:
§ Historical table on the institutional and legal
evolution of States and the presence of women in national parliaments;
§ Progress and Setbacks of Women in National
Parliaments between 01.07.1995 and 01.02.2006;
§ Women in the two parliamentary regional
assemblies elected by direct suffrage: The Central American Parliament and the
European Parliament;
§ A Chronology of Women Heads of State or
Government: 1945 - 02.2006;
§ An Overview of Women in Parliament: 1945-2006;
§ The Participation of Women and Men in
Decision-Making: The parliamentary dimension.
Available in French: http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/wmninfokit06_fr.pdf
International Knowledge
Network of Women in Politics
Summary from the E-discussion on working with
men to promote women in politics (March 16-31,2009).
Through this E-Discussion, iKNOW
Politics invites participation from women and men who are leaders in local
governments, civil society organizations, academics and practitioners working
with women in communities and local governments to share their experiences on
the questions below:
Enabling Participation: What are some of the
laws, quota regulations, practices and initiatives that ensure women’s equal
participation at local levels of government?
Strategies for constituency building and
political success: What are some strategies used by women to build a base of
support and to become known in their local communities?
Impact of women in local government: Does having
more women in local governments lead to creating more gender sensitive programs
and legislation and empowering other women in communities? What are some
examples of women’s impact on local legislation, local government initiatives,
and budgets?
Mayors: What strategies are there to ensure that
more women are elected to mayoral positions (president of the local council)?
What are strategies for female mayors to be effective leaders?
Llanos, B. and K. Sample.
30 years of democracy. Riding the wave? Women's
political participation in Latin America. Stockholm: Int. Institute for Democracy and
Electoral Assistance, 2008.
http://www.idea.int/publications/30_years_of_democracy/upload/30-years-of-democracy-2.pdf
The report examines the progress made in women's
participation at all levels of public and party decision making, in the three
decades since the start of the third wave of democratization in Latin America,
drawing on data from 18 countries in the region.
Llanos, B. and K.
Sample.
From
words to action. Best practices for women's participation in Latin American
political parties. Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008.
http://www.idea.int/publications/from_rhetoric_to_practice/upload/Inlay-From-Words-To-Action.pdf
This
manual provides political party members and leaders with the means to implement
concrete strategies for achieving equality for women within party organizations
and to access positions of power and representation. More than a year of
research and field work in 18 Latin American countries is condensed in this
publication, which describe 95 "good practices" implemented by party
organizations. It also analyzes the progress and the challenges still facing
women in politics, both in the region and in each of the countries studied.
Also in Spanish: http://www.idea.int/publications/from_rhetoric_to_practice/upload/IDEA-Internacional-Del-dicho-al-hecho.pdf
Karam, Azza
Women in parliament. Beyond numbers. A revised edition. Stockholm: IDEA, 2005.
http://www.idea.int/publications/wip2/upload/WiP_inlay.pdf
This updated edition provides a three-step
approach to strengthening the role of women in parliament:
§ What are the obstacles women confront entering
parliament - be they institutional, political, socio-economic or ideological?
§ How can these obstacles be overcome? Options
such as reforming the electoral system and introducing special measures like
quotas are presented.
§ What strategies can women parliamentarians
implement to influence politics once they are elected to parliament, an
institution which is traditionally male-dominated?
The revised edition includes case studies from
Argentina, Burkina Faso, Ecuador, France, Indonesia, Rwanda, South Africa and
Sweden, as well as regional overviews from the Arab World, Latin America and South
Asia and a case study on the Inter-Parliamentary Union.
Also available in French:
http://www.idea.int/publications/wip/upload/full%20handbook.pdf
Also available in Spanish:
http://www.idea.int/publications/wip/upload/Full%20Handbook%20_%20WiP%20Spanish.pdf
National Democratic Institute (NDI)
Assessing women’s political party programs. Best
practices and recommendations 2008. Washington: NDI, 2008.
https://www.ndi.org/files/Assessing-Womens-Political-Party-Programs-ENG.pdf
NDI embarked on this assessment in an effort to
better understand effective approaches to women’s political party programs
across a number of regions and to measure the impact of such programs. The
assessment is designed to identify the specific elements and approaches which
were most effective in encouraging women’s participation and leadership in
political parties. Although drawn from NDI programs, the information gathered
in this assessment is intended to be used by both individuals and organizations
as a road map to help facilitate women’s political leadership worldwide.
National Democratic Institute (NDI)
Democracy and the challenge of change. National Democratic Institute, 2011.
http://www.ndi.org/files/Democracy_and_the_Challenge_of_Change.pdf
This guide was created to be used by NDI staff
and other practitioners to develop, implement, monitor and evaluate women’s
political participation programs across a variety of technical areas. There are
separate chapters on Citizen participation: Elections; Political parties; and Governance, which provide a rationale for
focusing on increasing women’s participation in each technical area, as well as
programmatic frameworks, examples of best practices and case studies, and
strategies to be used throughout the lifecycle of a program or project. A
checklist that covers some fundamental considerations regarding women’s
political participation programs is also included here. This
checklist will assist practitioners in ensuring
that programs advance women’s empowerment and promote gender equality.
United Nations - Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and
the Advancement of Women (OSAGI)
An annotated bibliography of selected resources materials. Enhancing
women’s participation in electoral processes in post-conflict countries. New York: OSAGI, 2004.
www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/meetings/2004/EGMelectoral/ResourceGuide.PDF
This annotated bibliography has been produced as a background document
for the Expert Group Meeting on “Enhancing the role of women in electoral
processes in post-conflict countries” organized by the United Nations Office of
the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women (OSAGI) of
the Department of Economic and Social Affairs and the Electoral Assistance
Division of the Department of Political Affairs. It can also be used as a ready
reference guide for field-based actors on current literature and guidance on
how to ensure women’s full participation throughout all stages of the elections
process – pre, during and post elections.
Quotas
International
Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) / Stockholm University
Global database of quotas
for women
As the debate about the use of quotas as a tool
to increase the political participation of women gains momentum, International
IDEA and Stockholm University are collaborating on a research project leading
to the production of a comparative knowledge and resources on their
implementation and impact.
The first step in the
collection of global information on quotas is the development of this website
database. This website provides information on the various types of quotas in
existence today, detailing the percentages and targets in countries where they
are applicable. This database is intended as a working research tool. That is,
the database will continue to expand as more information becomes available and
is verified.
Contains data by
country and quota type, and sources and additional readings, arranged by
country.
Ballington, Julie (ed.)
The Implementation of quotas: African experiences. Stockhom,
International IDEA, 2004.
http://www.idea.int/publications/quotas_africa/upload/IDEA_no3.qxd.pdf
This report examines women’s political
representation on the African continent, and shows how quotas have contributed
to increasing women’s access to political power. Gender quotas are now
increasingly viewed as an important policy measure for boosting women’s access
to decision-making bodies throughout the world. Experience from Africa is very
encouraging: over 20 countries on the continent either have legislated quotas
or political parties that have adopted them voluntarily. This report
illustrates the different quota types that are being implemented in different
political contexts.
The report includes 17 regional and country case
studies. The country case studies include Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic
of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda.
International
Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) / Inter-Parliamentary
Union (IPU), Stockholm University
Atlas of electoral gender quotas. IDEA / IPU / Stockholm University, 2014.
http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/atlas-en.pdf
Gender quotas are increasingly being used as a way to increase
women’s political participation and representation. The Atlas of Electoral
Gender Quotas is a unique collection of data on how such quotas are being
used around the world. It presents trends and challenges on gender quotas as
well as insights on the impact of gender quota regulations. Included are
profiles on 85 countries and territories and the quota systems they use. The
publication is based on country-specific information contained in the Global
Database of Quotas for Women (www.quotaproject.org), a joint initiative of International IDEA, IPU and
Stockholm University.
Larserud, S.; Taphorn, R.
Designing for equality. Best-fit, medium-fit and
non-favourable combinations of electoral systems and gender quotas. Stockholm : IDEA, 2007.
Today, the average proportion of women members
of parliaments stands at a mere 17.2 per cent. Only 19 countries in the world
have achieved the goal of 30+ per cent women’s representation in national
legislatures, a goal which was adopted by the Beijing Process in 1995. There
are two important variables that affect women’s political representation: the
electoral system and the use of quotas for women. Combined in different ways,
these variables have different results on women’s participation.
Designing for Equality provides an overview of
how electoral systems function with different kinds of quotas for women. It
assesses how women’s representation can be increased under different
combinations of electoral systems and quotas. This publication aims to serve as
a reference tool for all those who work to increase women’s representation in
politics.
Training manuals
Afkhami, M. & A. Eisenberg
Leading to action. A political participation
handbook for women. Women’s Learning Partnership (WLP), 2010.
http://www.learningpartnership.org/sites/default/files/shared/u16/LeadingToAction_English.pdf
Leading to Action is designed for use as a
learning tool by those who are challenging themselves to play a more
significant political role in their communities. Whether the goal is to be
elected to office, support a campaign, encourage women to vote, or secure
better legislation for the community, this handbook helps women hone their
skills to take the next political step. Scenarios are based on criteria set by
our partners and give real life examples of successes and challenges women face
in the political sphere. The appendices include a glossary of terms, extra
sessions, and relevant United Nations conventions that support women’s civil
and political rights.
Australian Labor's
International Projects Unit
Campaign school for women trainers' guide. Australian Labor's
International Projects Unit, 2009.
http://www.wunrn.com/2009/02/australia-campaign-school-for-women-trainers-guide/
The Trainer's Guide is based on the successful
Cairn's Campaign School for Women run annually since 2007.
The Trainer's Guide includes:
Introduction
Module 1: Campaigning for affirmative action for
parliament
Module 2: Campaigning for gender equality in
political parties
Module 3: Campaigning for political equality and
government action
Module 4: Campaigning for elected office
Gender Links
Zimbabwe centres of excellence for gender
mainstreaming in local government manual. Gender Links,
2010.
The local government gender action plan manual
is a product of the Training of Trainer workshop that took place in
Johannesburg in February 2009. This manual has been written for local authority
councillors and staff at urban and district levels. It provides the source
material for a three and a half day workshop that will result in gender action
plans to be integrated into council plans and budgets as well as plans and to
end gender based violence.
The manual is divided into ten modules. These
are: SADC Protocol on gender and development; Key gender concepts; Gender and
governance; Transformative leadership; Key gender planning concepts; Gender,
the economy and budgeting; Developing a gender action plan with a flagship
action for ending gender violence at the local level; Making IT and the media
work for you; Media literacy for women leaders; Sixteen days of activism.
National Democratic Institute (NDI)
Candidate training manual for women. An NDI training guide for civil
society organizations. Washington: NDI, 2005.
https://www.ndi.org/files/1937_t_m_t_guide_for_civil_org_010105.pdf
In an effort to support the political participation
of women in Uganda, the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
(NDI) will conduct a training program for women candidates through
collaboration with women's civil society organizations.
The training materials are primarily aimed at
trainers whose target audiences are women who intend to or are thinking about
running for elected office from the local to the national level. The materials
provide a framework for training and some critical background information. The
materials are intended to help potential women candidates run a race that will
help them win by providing information on how to run for office.
Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat
A Guide for campaigning for Pacific women. Suva: Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, 2008.
Throughout the Pacific, women are active and
respected members of their communities. However, representation of women in
Pacific parliaments and congresses is still very low. This booklet aims to help
women who want to get involved in their own local, national and regional
governance to get started to take on the challenge of elections. The start
strategy has been developed as a quick reference point, to help women remember
some of the key issues they will need to consider and key activities they need
to undertake when running for elections. It is based on the experiences of
Pacific women themselves who have stood for election, drawing on their
successes and the lessons they learned along the way.
Bell, Emma
National machineries for women in development. Experiences, lessons and strategies
for institutionalising gender in development policy and planning. Brighton: BRIDGE, 2002
(Report 66).
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/re36c.pdf
What are national
governments doing to promote the status of women? Governments have created
women’s committees, divisions, and bureaux, but have these had any impact? This
report reviews the experience of these so-called “national women’s machineries”
(NWM), drawing on cases from developing countries. The mandates, status and
effectiveness of NWMs have been constrained by lack of commitment and funding
from governments. In order to be more effective, NWMs must restructure
themselves so that women’s concerns are fully mainstreamed into the strategies
and activities of both governments and NGOs.
Bridge
Gender and Governance. Cutting Edge Pack. Brighton, Bridge, 2009
Governance processes – with their emphasis on
principles of accountability, transparency, responsiveness and inclusiveness – should
be a means to social transformation. But despite this potential, they are
failing to deliver on gender equality, and women are having to struggle to get
their voices heard and needs met. This Cutting Edge Pack maps out persistent
obstacles to gender equality in governance and offers possible ways forward -
including promoting gender balance in positions of authority, making rights
central to governance institutions and processes at all levels, and building
political will for change.
The pack contains;
Overview Report. By Alyson Brody
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Governance_OR_final.pdf
Supporting Resources Collection. By Justina Demetriades
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Governance_SRC_final.pdf
Gender and Development In Brief
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/docs/InBrief21_Governance.pdf
The pack also is available
in Spanish,
Portuguese and
French.
Gonzalez, K. ; Sample, K.
One size does not fit all. Lessons learned from
legislative gender commissions and caucuses. International IDEA / NDI, 2010.
https://www.ndi.org/files/One_Size_Does_Not_Fit_All_eng_0.pdf
This guide offers strategies to better obtain
influence in parliaments that Latin American legislators can use to promote
their gender equality agenda more effectively; ensure that gender is an element
in the debate and agendas, and that it becomes an essential component of all
legislation.
Inter-Parliamentary
Union (IPU)
Equality in politics. A survey of women and men
in parliaments.
Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2008.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/equality08-e.pdf
This publication is the result of survey
research conducted by the IPU between 2006 and 2008. It collates insights from
both men and women parliamentarians into the factors that shape decision
making. It provides concrete examples of how parliamentarians are working to
attain gender equality in politics at the national level, and how parliaments
can become more gender-sensitized. Survey respondents also identify several
structural changes that could help to promote women’s access to and full
participation in parliament.
Also available in French: http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/equality08-f.pdf
And Spanish:
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/equality08-s.pdf
Inter-Parliamentary
Union (IPU)
Gender
sensitive parliaments. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary
Union, 2011.
http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/gsp11-e.pdf
This report follows up on a previous IPU publication,
Equality in Politics: A Survey of Women and Men in Parliaments (2008). That
Survey had found that women were overwhelmingly the main drivers of progress in
gender equality in parliament, but that parliaments, as institutions, must also
shoulder their share of the responsibility. This finding begs the questions:
What are parliaments doing to foster gender equality? What policies inform
gender equality efforts? Are the institutional structures of parliaments around
the world mindful of both men and women? In short, are parliaments
gender-sensitive?
The Report seeks to provide answers to these
questions. Simply put, a gender-sensitive parliament is one that responds to
the needs and interests of both men and women in its structures, operations,
methods and work. This publication not only provides an important assessment of
the gender sensitivity of the world's parliaments, but also identifies key
steps parliaments can take to become gender-sensitive institutions that
contribute to the achievement of gender equality.
Also
available in French: http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/gsp11-f.pdf
And
Spanish: http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/gsp11-s.pdf
Inter-Parliamentary
Union (IPU)
Plan of
action for gender-sensitive parliaments. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary
Union, 2013.
http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/action-gender-e.pdf
This plan is a key policy document for the IPU and its
member Parliaments. It was drawn up following extensive consultation with IPU
Members.
A gender-sensitive parliament is one that responds to
the needs and interests of both men and women in its structures, methods and
work. The Plan of Action is designed to support parliaments’ efforts to become
more gender-sensitive institutions and offers a wide range of strategies in
seven action areas that can be implemented by all parliaments.
Also
available in French: http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/action-gender-f.pdf
And
Spanish: http://www.ipu.org/pdf/publications/action-gender-sp.pdf
International Union
of Local Authorities (IULA)
Worldwide
Declaration on Women in Local Government.
Harare: IULA, 1998.
http://www.citieslocalgovernments.org/uclg/upload/template/templatedocs/worldwidedeclaration.htm
On 25 November
Also available in French and Spanish
Lakwo, Alfred
Making decentralization work for women in Uganda. Leiden: African Studies Centre, 2009.
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/13793/2/ASC-075287668-1025-01.pdf
The title of this book – Making Decentralization
work for Women – presents two sides of the same coin. Foremost, it reveals that
decentralization was not working for women and second, it indicates that
decentralization can work for women. How the gendered decentralized governance
can be engendered is the central argument presented in this book. The book
explores the euphoria with which Uganda's decentralization policy took centre
stage as a sufficient driver to engender local development responsiveness and
accountability.
Mukhopadhyay, Maitrayee; Meer, Shamim.
Creating voice and carving space. Redefining governance from a gender
perspective. Amsterdam:
Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), 2004.
http://www.kit.nl/gender/wp-content/uploads/publications/646_2111.bw.CreatingVoice.pdf
The book focuses on sixteen organisation's
initiatives across eight countries in Africa and South Asia. The organisations
shared a strategy to negotiate and bargain with the state for recognition,
rights, and resources and more equitable sharing of power between women and
men. They each investigated how women among marginalised groups could be
enabled to stake their claim to participation in governance, and how to create
accountability of governance institutions to poor women's interests and rights.
The objectives of the programme were to explore what constitutes good
governance and inclusive citizenship from a gender perspective and to identify
strategies to promote gender equality in governance and enhance citizen
participation.
Chapters are devoted to a variety of topics,
including:
§ creating voice and carving space
§ women's political representation
§ increasing responsiveness and accountability of
governance institutions
§ citizenship
Each chapter also includes a variety of case
studies.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
(UN-HABITAT)
Gender mainstreaming in local authorities. Best practices. UN-Habitat, 2008
The initiatives presented in this handbook are
drawn from the best practices database of United Nations Human Settlements
Programme as well as other databases and websites.
The best practices can be arranged into three
main sections: (i) gender mainstreaming (ii) women’s
empowerment (iii) women’s safety and security. Women’s empowerment encompasses
a wide range
of related issues: poverty reduction, increasing
women’s participation in decision making, enhancing women’s access to housing
and security of tenure, better access to basic services, including, for
example, child care facilities.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
(UN-HABITAT), Huairou commission
Local to local dialogue. A grassroots women's
perspective on good governance. UN-HABITAT, 2004.
The six case studies from Kenya, Russia,
Argentina, Tanzania, Czech Republic and Uganda chronicle the experiences and
efforts of grassroots women’s groups to identify priorities and negotiate with
local authorities and in some cases other government authorities.
Mugisha, Maude
Gender and
decentralisation. Promoting women's participation in local councils. Case
Study: Lira District, Uganda. FAO.
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X6090E/X6090E00.HTM
A sensitisation programme aimed to create
awareness at the community level on the
need to support and enable women to effectively utilise the opportunities to
participate in local level decision-making processes. The programme provided
opportunities for women and men to discuss and examine the issue of women in
leadership positions. The document includes the training modules used during
the Lira District Programme.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
(UN-HABITAT)
Gender in local government. A sourcebook
for trainers. Nairobi: UN-HABITAT, 2008
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/directory/pdf/Source_BK_9-May.pdf
This Sourcebook aims at providing local governments with the tools to
better understand the importance of gender in the decision-making process and
to reach better solutions for the communities they serve. For this publication
the following key issues of local governance have been selected:
participation in local government; land rights; urban planning; service
provision; local government financing; violence against women; and local
economic development.
Each of these issues is introduced by a brief gender analysis. Numerous
case studies illustrate what local governments can do. Reflection questions and
training exercises help trainers to develop successful training events.
A
bibliography:
Bridge
Gender and budgets. Cutting Edge Pack. Brighton, Bridge, 2003.
This pack provides a concise &
practical resource, which shows how budgets can be used as a tool to further
gender equality.
The pack contains:
Overview report. By Helena Hofbauer.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/ids-document/A55207?lang=en
Collection of supporting resources.By Hazel Reeves and Charlie Sever.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/CEP-Budgets-SRC.pdf
Gender and Development In Brief bulletin
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/dgb12.html
The pack also is available
in Spanish and French.
And
further:
Budlender, D., Elson, D., Hewitt, G. and Mukhopadhyay, T.
Gender budgets make cents. Understanding gender responsive budgets.
London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2002.
This publication aims
to inspire government officials, policy-makers, donor agencies, and civil
society groups to engage in gender-responsive budget initiatives by
demonstrating both equity and efficiency gains.
Budlender, D.; Hewitt, G.
Engendering budgets. A practioner’s guide
to understanding and implementing gender-responsive budgets. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2003.
http://www.unicef.org/lac/spbarbados/Finance/Global/Guide_engendering_budgets_2003.pdf
This guide is intended to help practitioners design and implement
gender-responsive budgets. The first part of the guide provides background
information on gender-responsive budgets. Part two outlines how to implement a
government budget, as well the budget process and potential entry points for
beginning gender budget work. Part three addresses the practical issues
involved in implementation, focusing on assessment and sustainability of
initiatives. The final section of the guide looks at how the three-way
categorisation developed in Australia and the five-step approach developed in
South Africa are applied. It also provides information on necessary data,
assessment of gender-responsiveness policies and how to determine budgetary
outputs and outcomes.
Budlender, D.; Hewitt, G.
Gender budgets make more cents. Country studies and good practice.
London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2002.
This volume of case
studies gives practitioners' accounts of the challenges and opportunities of
gender budget work across Africa, Latin America, East and South-east Asia,
Europe and the Pacific.
Budlender, D.; Reyes, C.; Melesse,
M.
Gender-Responsive Budgeting through the CBMS Lens. Implementing the
Community-Based Monitoring System in a way that facilitates gender-responsive
budgeting. Community Agency for Social Enquiry (Cape Town) / Angelo King Institute
for Economic & Business Studies (Manila) / International Development
Research Centre (Ottawa), 2005.
http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11271610181Gender_Responsive_Budgeting_Through_the_CBMS_Lens.pdf
The following paper suggests how the
Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS), developed and implemented in 14
countries over the last ten years with financial support from the Canadian
International Development Research Centre (IDRC), can be used to facilitate
gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) at the local level. In particular, it
looks at how CBMS can be used to support local-level GRB (LLGRB) initiatives of
civil society and local government.
Elson, D.
Budgeting for women's rights. Monitoring government budgets for
compliance with CEDAW. UNIFEM, 2006.
http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11555084811Monitoring_Government_Budgets_Compliance_CEDAW.pdf
This publication makes a significant
contribution to the advocacy work on the transparency of budgets. It provides
arguments for increasing the accountability of government budgets to women's
rights.
The report compiles experiences of
gender-responsive budget initiatives that analysed budgets to assess how they
contribute to bridging gender gaps and achieving women's rights in the areas of
education, health, employment, protection against violence, land and property
rights, and social protection, among others. It explains how to identify gender
inequalities in budget processes, budget expenditure and revenue raising
policies, and how to address such inequalities. Citing examples from the work
of gender-responsive budget initiatives, the report shows progress made in this
regard in several countries.
Elson, D.
Budgeting for women’s rights, monitoring
government budgets for compliance with CEDAW. A summary guide for policy
makers, gender equality and human rights advocates, UNIFEM 2008.
http://www.unifem.org/attachments/products/MonitoringGovernmentBudgetsComplianceCEDAW_eng.pdf
This booklet based on Diane Elson’s publication
“Budgeting for women’s rights: monitoring Government Budgets for compliance
with CEDAW’ is an advocacy tool for key stakeholders in the area of government
budgets and women’s human rights, including policy and lawmakers at the country
level, and gender and human rights advocates.
The publication is available in English, French
and Spanish.
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU).
Parliament, the budget and gender. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary
Union, 2004.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/budget_en.pdf
This handbook, jointly produced with the United Nations
Development Programme, the World Bank Institute and the United Nations Fund for
Women, was inspired by a series of regional and national seminars on Parliament
and the Budgetary Process, Including from a Gender Perspective. Intended as a
reference tool, this handbook sets out practical examples of parliament's
active engagement in the budgetary process. It seeks to advance parliament's
own institutional capacity to make a positive impact on the budget, and to
equip parliament, its members and parliamentary staff with the necessary tools
to examine the budget from a gender perspective. The Handbook will also serve
as a follow-up guide for participants of past and future seminars on the role
of parliaments in the budgetary process.
Action for Development (ACFODE)
Gender Budget training manual. ACFODE, 2005.
http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11281111621ACFODE'S_GENDER_BUDGET_TRAINING_MANUAL.doc
This training manual has been developed, to
guide trainers who are involved in building capacities of policy makers and
other stakeholders at district and subcounty levels
in gender budgeting. The overall objective is to ensure that plans and budgets
address the needs of disadvantaged groups especially the women. Gender budget
training seeks to enhance awareness of the decision-makers and other
stakeholders to the importance of integrating gender in plans and budgets. This
is achieved by imparting skills and techniques of gender budgeting so that they
can oversee the integration of gender concerns during the formulation of
national and district budgets, as well as the implementation of gender
sensitive budgets.
GTZ manual for training on gender responsive budgeting. GTZ, 2004.
This Manual is designed for professional gender trainers who are
familiar with training methods and gender concepts. It is based on an advanced
training course for trainers organized by GTZ’s Gender Advisory Project from 26
July to 7 August
United nations Population Fund (UNFPA) / United
nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
Gender responsive budgeting in practice. A training manual. UNFPA / UNIFEM, 2006.
The training manual on gender responsive budgeting (GRB) is intended to
build the capacity of UNFPA and UNIFEM staff in applying gender budget analysis
tools in their programming around gender equality and women’s rights, it will
also assist them in supporting gender budget initiatives wherever they exist.
The manual specifically seeks to build understanding of GRB as a tool for
promoting gender equity, accountability to women’s rights as well as efficiency
and transparency in budget policies and processes. It is anticipated that this
manual will develop skills required to effectively engage in mainstreaming
gender in planning and budgeting processes at country level.
The manual draws on the rich experience and lessons learnt from UNIFEM’s
programming on gender budgeting in more than thirty countries since early 2000.
It further encapsulates the understanding that gender responsive budgeting is
an essential element in any serious political commitment towards gender
equality and lays out approaches to align budgets with requirements for the
achievement of women’s rights.
Bridge
Citizenship.
Cutting Edge Pack. Brighton:
Bridge, 2003.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/bridge-publications/cutting-edge-packs/gender-and-citizenship
How are citizenship rights
and responsibilities being extended and transformed by struggles for gender
equality? How can women and others marginalised by gender participate in and
influence the decisions that affect their lives? This pack is a concise, practical
resource for policy-makers, practitioners and activists. It demonstrates how
gendered understandings of citizenship rights can help development actors
promote the participation of all women and men in shaping their societies and
communities.
The pack is made up of:
Overview Report . By Shamim
Meer with Charlie Sever.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Citizenship-report.pdf
Supporting Resources
Collection. By
Charlie Sever.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Citizenship-SRC.pdf
Gender and Development In
Brief bulletin.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/Docs/In%20Brief%20No.15.pdf
The pack
also is available in Spanish and French..
Mukhopadhyay, M and N. Singh.
Gender justice, citizenship, and development. IDRC, 2007.
http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Resources/Publications/openebooks/339-3/index.html
Although there have been notable gains for women globally in the last
few decades, gender inequality and gender-based inequities continue to impinge
upon girls’ and women’s ability to realize their rights and their full
potential as citizens and equal partners in decision-making and development. In
fact, for every right that has been established, there are millions of women
who do not enjoy it.
In this book, studies from Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle
East and North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are prefaced by an
introductory chapter that links current thinking on gender justice to debates
on citizenship, entitlements, and law and development. A concluding chapter
situates the discussion of gender justice, citizenship, and entitlements in
current development debates on poverty alleviation and social exclusion. The
book brings together multidisciplinary perspectives from leading feminist
scholars of sociology, political science and legal studies, among others, and
in doing so, provides new insights for both advocacy and research.
United Nations - Division for the Advancement of Women
(DAW)
Women, nationality and
citizenship. New York: UNDAW, 2003
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/jun03e.pdf
This report outlines provisions in international
instruments and human rights treaties which address discriminatory nationality
laws and provides examples of where such instruments have been used. In many states, a wife's nationality is dependent on that of
her husband, which can leave women vulnerable in cross-national marriages.
Women can also be vulnerable in cases where they retain their own nationality
and move to another country, rendering them unable to access citizen rights in
the new environment. Women are often not allowed to pass nationality on to
their children which has significant implications for custody and security of
children. Recommendations focus on how actions at the international and
national levels can work with international instruments and amend national
laws. They also include gender training for the judiciary and immigration
officers and removing the barriers to dual nationality. Recommendations for
NGOs include initiating test-cases, disseminating national and international
case law and the production of 'shadow' reports to the Committee that oversees
the enforcement of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
Also available
in French: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/jun03f.pdf
and Spanish: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/jun03s.pdf
Council of Europe – gender equality
http://www.coe.int/t/DGHL/STANDARDSETTING/EQUALITY/
This site
has been set up to provide information on all the Council of Europe's activities
in the field of equality between women and men at intergovernmental level.
Since 1979, the Organisation has been promoting European co-operation to
achieve real equality between the sexes. It possesses a wealth of information
on subjects such as violence against women, trafficking in human beings, gender
mainstreaming, positive action, balanced participation in decision-making,
national machinery for equality, men and gender equality. The site explains
what kind of work is carried out and gives direct access to a number of
publications and studies.
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)
Women in parliament: beyond numbers.
International IDEA is committed to ensuring that gender equality is
integrated in democracy building. As a cross cutting dimension of democracy,
gender is addressed through two complementary and critical approaches; gender
mainstreaming and women’s empowerment. Through the global programme
on Democracy and Gender as well as regional programme
initiatives (in Nepal, Bolivia and Sudan etc.) we support knowledge transfer
and capacity building on gender equality and women’s empowerment in
electoral processes, political parties, constitution building processes, state
of democracy assessments and democracy and development processes.
Global database of quotas
for women
International IDEA promotes the participation
and representation of women in politics. The institute provides comparative
information on how to advance gender and democracy issues. A series of regional
reports on gender quotas have been produced, featuring experiences from Asia,
Africa, Latin America and Europe. A regional report on the Arab World is
currently under preparation. Furthermore, in a joint project with Stockholm
University, IDEA has set up a database on the use of gender quotas providing
information on 97 countries. The database sorts information by country, quota
type and by ranking of the percentage of elected women in national parliaments.
A new feature of the database is information about the enforcement of quota
laws ("rank-order rule"), as well as links to those political parties
that are applying quotas on a voluntary basis.
The International Knowledge
Network of Women in Politics
The International Knowledge Network of Women in Politics (iKNOW Politics) is an online workspace designed to serve the needs of elected officials, candidates, political party leaders and members, researchers, students and other practitioners interested in advancing women in politics. It is a joint project of the UNDP, UNIFEM, the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI), the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA).
Created with the goal of increasing the effectiveness and participation of women through the innovative use of technology, iKNOW-Politics includes an online library that provides access to academic papers, case studies, training materials, data and statistics, editorials and newspaper articles and government documents on the issue of women and political process; a discussion board that enables users to exchange information and participate in discussions; and a space where best practices on topics ranging from campaign techniques to political parties to post-conflict and transitional participation can be shared.
In order to provide the highest possible level of accessibility and ensure wide-scale use, the content and resources on the iKNOW Politics Web site are available in Arabic, English, French and Spanish.
Royal Tropical Institute
Gender, Citizenship and Governance (GCG)
https://www.kit.nl/gender/theme/gender-citizenship-governance/
GCG is a database (library) that is ongoing with new content added
regularly, with at present more than 500 resources as well as many news items
& events. A new search engine makes it possible to search all resources,
including news and events in several ways ((free) keywords; year; etc.). It
also offers e-mail alerts, RSS feeds, and can be followed on Twitter and
Facebook.
What the portal offers is a searchable digital
library of:
-
E-publications
-
Websites (including wiki's, blogs)
- E-newsletters
-
E-discussion (lists & forums)
-
Bibliographic databases
-
Directories of organizations and projects
-
Audiovisual resources
Inter-Parliamentary Union
(IPU)
Democracy through partnership
between men and women in politics.
http://www.ipu.org/iss-e/women.htm
Site with a lot of information about women in
politics, especially in national parliaments. It contains historical facts, statistics
(world en regional averages and comparative data by country about women in
parliament and government), debating subjects, studies and surveys, the
follow-up to the Beijing conference, instruments of international law, useful
links, and the work of IPU. Online their Plan of Action
On-line a bibliographic
database women in politics with
abstracts and many keywords.
http://www.ipu.org/bdf-e/BDFsearch.asp
Likewise the website contains an online a database with the detailed results of parliamentary elections.
The database contains the world and regional
averages of women representation in parliament (both houses), and women
representation in national parliaments (both houses) indicating the number of
seats and averages.
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch.asp
Also accessible in French
National Democratic
Institute for International Affairs (NDI)
Gender, women and democracy
https://www.ndi.org/gender-women-democracy
The NDI is a non profit organisation working to
strengthen and expand democracy worldwide. The site gives an overview of their
program activities concerning women’s participation. With country highlights,
publications and resources.
UN-WOMEN / Commonwealth / International Development Research Centre
Gender responsive budget initiative
http://www.gender-budgets.org/
The Gender Responsive Budget
Initiatives is a collaborative effort between the United Nations Women, The
Commonwealth Secretariat and Canada's International Development Research Centre
(IDRC), to support government and civil society in analysing national and/or
local budgets from a gender perspective and applying this analysis to the
formulation of gender responsive budgets.
The Gender Responsive Budget
Initiatives website features resources on gender budgets. The online library contains country cases,
documents and references, training manuals and tools and presentations and
proceedings. The site highlights workshops and events
that will be taking place on the topic of gender budgeting.
Also on the site: newsletters issued periodically
to encourage knowledge sharing between Gender Budget Initiatives around the
world. It share news on progress made in incorporating a gender perspective
into budgeting, and inform practitioners of new resources and publications on
GRB.