Bibliography Gender and Governance
February 2011
Annette
Evertzen
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
GENDER AND (LOCAL) GOVERNANCE PROCESSES
This bibliography is based on the following collections:
§
The Internet, being the easiest way to get information in many
countries
All the relevant literature
on gender and governance and gender and legislation found on the Internet is
given.
§
Inter Parliamentary
All their important literature
on gender and governance in general, and gender and governance in African
countries.
It is possible to search
the collection on-line, with abstracts, see page 2.
To find more literature about women in politics the
following sources can be helpful:
A
bibliography on Internet, with abstracts:
Inter
Parliamentary
Women in politics; world
bibliography.
http://www.ipu.org/bdf-e/Bdfsearch.asp
The World Bibliography is
accessible for research on the Internet.
It will be constantly up-dated to take account of new books and articles
produced throughout the world on the subject of women in politics. Contains
abstracts.
Bridge
Gender and
Governance. Cutting Edge Pack.
Governance
processes – with their emphasis on principles of accountability, transparency,
responsiveness and inclusiveness – should be a means to social transformation.
But despite this potential, they are failing to deliver on gender equality, and
women are having to struggle to get their voices heard and needs met. This
Cutting Edge Pack maps out persistent obstacles to gender equality in
governance and offers possible ways forward - including promoting gender
balance in positions of authority, making rights central to governance
institutions and processes at all levels, and building political will for
change.
The pack
contains;
Overview
Report. By Alyson Brody
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Governance_OR_final.pdf
Supporting
Resources Collection. By Justina Demetriades
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Governance_SRC_final.pdf
Gender and
Development In Brief
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/docs/InBrief21_Governance.pdf
The pack also is available
in Spanish, Portuguese and French.
International Institute for Democracy and
Electoral Assistance (IDEA) /
Global database of quotas for women
As the debate about the use of quotas as a tool to
increase the political participation of women gains momentum, International
IDEA and
The first step in the
collection of global information on quotas is the development of this website
database. This website provides information on the various types of quotas in
existence today, detailing the percentages and targets in countries where they
are applicable. This database is intended as a working research tool. That is,
the database will continue to expand as more information becomes available and
is verified.
Contains data by country
and quota type, and sources and additional readings, arranged by country.
Fick, Glenda
Gender checklist for free and fair elections.
http://www.eisa.org.za/PDF/gc.pdf
Checklist for free and fair elections for the State and
authorities responsible for managing an election. Checklist for ensuring gender
equality in free and fair elections: political rights, registration of voters,
the right to vote, the right to stand for public office, voter education, the
right to express political opinions, access to information, the right to
campaign, secrecy of the ballot, and review of electoral procedures or
decisions.
Ndulo, Muna
Constitutional
provisions and enhancing participation of women in elections. UN-OSAGI,
2004.
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/meetings/2004/EGMelectoral/EP2-Ndulo.PDF
The Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and
the Advancement of Women (OSAGI), organized an Expert Group Meeting on
"Enhancing women’s participation in electoral processes in post-conflict
countries", in
This paper discusses the participation of women in
post conflict societies from a perspective of the legislative measures that can
be taken to enhance the participation of women. It also considers non
legislative measures such as the role of the media. The paper first provides a
background on constitutional provisions relevant to elections, next examines
the participation of women in elections and the problems they face in their
efforts to participate in elections. It then considers legislative approches that have been taken in several countries to
increase women participation. It ends with a conclusion that focuses on the
chances of achieving the objective of improving women participation in elections.
Woroniuk, B.; Schalkwijk, J.
Electoral support and equality between women and men.
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/6/2/29592332.pdf
Tipsheet.
Ballington, Julie
(ed.)
The
Implementation of Quotas: African Experiences. Stockhom, International IDEA, 2004.
http://www.idea.int/publications/quotas_africa/upload/IDEA_no3.qxd.pdf
This report examines women’s political representation
on the African continent, and shows how quotas have contributed to increasing
women’s access to political power. Gender quotas are now increasingly viewed as
an important policy measure for boosting women’s access to decision-making
bodies throughout the world. Experience from
The report includes 17 regional and country case
studies. The country case studies include
Beijing Platform for action
Women in power and decision-making.
http://www.vrouwen.net/vweb/wcw/chap4g.html
Strategies for governments,
political parties and the civil society, to increase women in decision-making.
Official document from the World Conference in
Cole, S.
Increasing
women's political participation in
http://www.ifes.org/Content/Publications/WhitePapers/2011/~/media/Files/Publications/White%20PaperReport/2011/2011_Humphrey_Fellowship_Cole.pdf
The question
that this paper addresses is what strategies are there, based on international
best practices, to improve women’s political participation in
In order to
answer this question, the political mechanisms of
Hunt
Alternatives Fund / The Institute for Inclusive
Security
Strategies for policymakers. Bringing women Into
government. Hunt Alternatives Fund, 2009.
http://www.huntalternatives.org/download/1648_bringing_women_into_government_mar_09_final.pdf
Women bring important skills, attributes, and
perspectives to the governance process. Few times offer policymakers as good an
opportunity to increase the number of women participating in government as
those windows immediately after conflicts. Those women who have successfully
entered government have tended to build governance systems that are more stable
and transparent, and more often accepted as legitimate by society. They have
demonstrated the ability to bridge political divides, highlight women’s
concerns, facilitate a consultative and participatory approach to policymaking,
and press for government accountability. Despite their documented
contributions, they are largely excluded.
In October 2000, the UN Security Council mandated
women’s full participation in peace building in Resolution 1325. Few
policymakers, however, know how to fulfill this
obligation. This guide intends to provide the international community with
concrete strategies to successfully bring women into government.
This publication presents case studies of
Inter-Parliamentary
Enhancing
the role of women in electoral processes in post-conflict countries. Post-election
support. UN-OSAGI, 2004.
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/meetings/2004/EGMelectoral/EP3-IPU.PDF
The Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and
the Advancement of Women (OSAGI), organized an Expert Group Meeting on
"Enhancing women’s participation in electoral processes in post-conflict
countries", in
This paper is based on the experience of the
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and its programme to provide support to women
in parliaments of post-conflict countries. It focuses on the question of women
in national parliaments and gives an overview of the: 1) situation of women in
parliaments in certain post-conflict countries; 2) challenges faced by women in
parliament in established countries and presents some of the solutions which
may also be of relevance to women in post-conflict situations; 3) challenges
faced by women in parliament in post-conflict countries; 4) assistance provided
by the IPU, lessons learnt and recommendations.
Inter-Parliamentary
Handbook for
parliamentarians. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/cedaw_en.pdf
This handbook, jointly
produced with the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, offers
a comprehensive and educational presentation of the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, which is the most
comprehensive international instrument on women's rights, and its Optional
Protocol. The handbook presents the background to and content of the Convention
and the Optional Protocol and describes the role of the Committee on the
Elimination of Discrimination against Women, which secures implementation at
the national level. It provides examples of best practices and gives an
overview of what parliamentarians can do to ensure effective implementation of
the Convention and encourage use of the Protocol. It also proposes model
instruments and reference material as aids designed to facilitate
the work of legislators.
Inter-Parliamentary
Equality
in politics. A survey of women and men in parliaments.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/equality08-e.pdf
This publication is the result of survey research
conducted by the IPU between 2006 and 2008. It collates insights from both men
and women parliamentarians into the factors that shape decision making. It
provides concrete examples of how parliamentarians are working to attain gender
equality in politics at the national level, and how parliaments can become more
gender-sensitized. Survey respondents also identify several structural changes
that could help to promote women's access to and full participation in
parliament.
Inter-Parliamentary
Women in
Politics: 60 years in retrospect. Information kit.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/wmninfokit06_en.pdf
Published on the occasion of the 50th session of the
United Nations Commission on the Status of Women which reviewed progress made
in the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action, this information kit
is composed of six data sheets on women's participation in politics over the
past 60 years:
§
Historical table on the
institutional and legal evolution of States and the presence of women in
national parliaments;
§
Progress and Setbacks of Women
in National Parliaments between 01.07.1995 and 01.02.2006;
§
Women in the two parliamentary
regional assemblies elected by direct suffrage: The Central American Parliament
and the European Parliament;
§
A Chronology of Women Heads of
State or Government: 1945 - 02.2006;
§
An Overview of Women in
Parliament: 1945-2006;
§
The Participation of Women and
Men in Decision-Making: The parliamentary dimension.
Also
available in French: http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/wmninfokit06_fr.pdf
International Knowledge Network of Women in Politics
Summary from
the E-discussion on working with men to promote women in politics
(March 16-31,2009).
http://www.iknowpolitics.org/en/node/10027
Through this
E-Discussion, iKNOW Politics invites participation
from women and men who are leaders in local governments, civil society
organizations, academics and practitioners working with women in communities
and local governments to share their experiences on the questions below:
Enabling
Participation: What are some of the laws, quota regulations, practices and
initiatives that ensure women’s equal participation at local levels of
government?
Strategies
for constituency building and political success: What are some strategies used
by women to build a base of support and to become known in their local
communities?
Impact of
women in local government: Does having more women in local governments lead to
creating more gender sensitive programs and legislation and empowering other
women in communities? What are some examples of women’s impact on local
legislation, local government initiatives, and budgets?
Mayors: What
strategies are there to ensure that more women are elected to mayoral positions
(president of the local council)? What are strategies for female mayors to be
effective leaders?
Llanos,
B. and K. Sample.
30 years of democracy. Riding the wave? Women's
political participation in
http://www.idea.int/publications/30_years_of_democracy/upload/30-years-of-democracy-2.pdf
The report examines the progress made in women's
participation at all levels of public and party decision making, in the three
decades since the start of the third wave of democratization in Latin America,
drawing on data from 18 countries in the region.
Llanos, B. and K. Sample.
From
words to action. Best practices for women's participation in Latin American
political parties.
http://www.idea.int/publications/from_rhetoric_to_practice/upload/Inlay-From-Words-To-Action.pdf
This
manual provides political party members and leaders with the means to implement
concrete strategies for achieving equality for women within party organizations
and to access positions of power and representation. More than a year of
research and field work in 18 Latin American countries is condensed in this
publication, which describe 95 "good practices" implemented by party
organizations. It also analyzes the progress and the challenges still facing
women in politics, both in the region and in each of the countries studied.
Also in Spanish: http://www.idea.int/publications/from_rhetoric_to_practice/upload/IDEA-Internacional-Del-dicho-al-hecho.pdf
Karam, Azza
Women in parliament. Beyond numbers. A revised
edition.
http://www.idea.int/publications/wip2/upload/WiP_inlay.pdf
This updated edition provides a three-step approach to
strengthening the role of women in parliament:
§
What are the obstacles women
confront entering parliament - be they institutional, political, socio-economic
or ideological?
§
How can these obstacles be
overcome? Options such as reforming the electoral system and introducing
special measures like quotas are presented.
§
What strategies can women
parliamentarians implement to influence politics once they are elected to
parliament, an institution which is traditionally male-dominated?
The revised edition includes case studies from
Also
available in French: http://www.idea.int/publications/wip/upload/full%20handbook.pdf
Also
available in Spanish:
http://www.idea.int/publications/wip/upload/Full%20Handbook%20_%20WiP%20Spanish.pdf
Larserud,
S.; Taphorn, R.
Designing
for equality. Best-fit, medium-fit and non-favourable combinations of electoral
systems and gender quotas.
http://www.idea.int/publications/designing_for_equality/index.cfm
Today, the
average proportion of women members of parliaments stands at a mere 17.2 per
cent. Only 19 countries in the world have achieved the goal of 30+ per cent
women’s representation in national legislatures, a goal which was adopted by
the Beijing Process in 1995. There are two important variables that affect
women’s political representation: the electoral system and the use of quotas
for women. Combined in different ways, these variables have different results
on women’s participation.
Designing for
Equality provides an overview of how electoral systems function with different
kinds of quotas for women. It assesses how women’s representation can be increased
under different combinations of electoral systems and quotas. This publication
aims to serve as a reference tool for all those who work to increase women’s
representation in politics.
National
Democratic Institute (NDI)
Assessing women’s political party programs. Best
practices and recommendations 2008.
NDI embarked on this assessment in an effort to better
understand effective approaches to women’s political party programs across a number
of regions and to measure the impact of such programs. The assessment is
designed to identify the specific elements and approaches which were most
effective in encouraging women’s participation and leadership in political
parties. Although drawn from NDI programs, the information gathered in this
assessment is intended to be used by both individuals and organizations as a
road map to help facilitate women’s political leadership worldwide.
National
Democratic Institute (NDI)
Democracy and the challenge of change.
National Democratic Institute, 2011.
http://www.ndi.org/files/Democracy_and_the_Challenge_of_Change.pdf
This guide was created to be used by NDI staff and
other practitioners to develop, implement, monitor and evaluate women’s
political participation programs across a variety of technical areas. There are
separate chapters on Citizen participation: Elections; Political parties; and Governance, which provide a rationale for
focusing on increasing women’s participation in each technical area, as well as
programmatic frameworks, examples of best practices and case studies, and
strategies to be used throughout the lifecycle of a program or project. A
checklist that covers some fundamental considerations regarding women’s
political participation programs is also included here. This
checklist will assist practitioners in ensuring that
programs advance women’s empowerment and promote gender equality.
National
Democratic Institute (NDI) / Win With Women
Strengthen
political parties. Global action plan.
http://www.iknowpolitics.org/files/Win%20With%20Women%20Act%20plan%20Armenia%20combined.pdf
This global action plan, developed by the National
Democratic Institute and Win with Women, to increase the number of women
seeking and obtaining elected office. Available in 14 languages, it includes recommendations
for supporting the involvement of women in politics and focuses on the
following issues: removal of restrictions on women's political participation,
including restrictions on suffrage and candidacy; increasing the number of
women elected to national, provincial, and local levels; and ensuring that
political parties include women in leadership positions; and advocating for
legislation that enshrines the full equality of women and men.
Pedwell, C.
Just politics. Women transforming political spaces.
OneWorld Action, 2008.
http://www.oneworldaction.org/Resources/One%20World%20Action/Documents/PDF/JustPoliticsReport.pdf
In November 2007, OneWorld
Action brought together 40 women and men from north and south for a unique
dialogue – Just Politics: Women transforming political spaces. This report
summarises the week’s events which explored what difference women in power can
make, and how women’s involvement in politics canbe
supported and strengthened.
The report focuses on two main themes:
1. Ways to increase women’s political participation
2. Strategies for transforming political spaces.
Much emphasis is placed on accountability.
Powley, Elizabeth.
Strengthening
governance. The role of women in
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/meetings/2004/EGMelectoral/EP5-Powley.PDF
The Office of the Special
Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women (OSAGI), organized an
Expert Group Meeting on "Enhancing women’s participation in electoral
processes in post-conflict countries", in
United Nations Economic and Social
Commission for
Women in
local government in
This comparative report draws
together a picture of women’s involvement in local government in the
United
Nations - Office of the
Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women (OSAGI)
An annotated
bibliography of selected resources materials. Enhancing women’s participation
in electoral processes in post-conflict countries.
www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/meetings/2004/EGMelectoral/ResourceGuide.PDF
This annotated bibliography has been produced as a background document
for the Expert Group Meeting on “Enhancing the role of women in electoral processes
in post-conflict countries” organized by the United Nations Office of the
Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women (OSAGI) of the
Department of Economic and Social Affairs and the Electoral Assistance Division
of the Department of Political Affairs. It can also be used as a ready
reference guide for field-based actors on current literature and guidance on
how to ensure women’s full participation throughout all stages of the elections
process – pre, during and post elections.
This is a work in progress.
Afkhami, M. &
A. Eisenberg
2010 Leading to action. A
political participation handbook for women.
Women’s Learning Partnership (WLP).
http://www.learningpartnership.org/sites/default/files/shared/u16/LeadingToAction_English.pdf
Leading to Action is designed for use as a learning
tool by those who are challenging themselves to play a more significant
political role in their communities. Whether the goal is to be elected to
office, support a campaign, encourage women to vote, or secure better
legislation for the community, this handbook helps women hone their skills to
take the next political step. Scenarios are based on criteria set by our
partners and give real life examples of successes and challenges women face in
the political sphere. The appendices include a glossary of terms, extra
sessions, and relevant United Nations conventions that support women’s civil
and political rights.
Australian
Labor's International Projects Unit
2009
http://www.wunrn.com/news/2009/02_09/02_23_09/022309_australia.htm
Australian Labor's
International Projects Unit has released modules for its
The Introduction, module 1, resource kits and PowerPoint presentations are now available
online from the International Projects website. Click on the links on this page
to download the available documents.
The Trainer's Guide is based on the successful Cairn's
The Trainer's Guide includes:
Introduction
Module 1:
Campaigning for affirmative action for parliament
Module 2:
Campaigning for gender equality in political parties
Module 3:
Campaigning for political equality and government action
Module 4:
Campaigning for elected office
Gender
Links
Zimbabwe centres of excellence for gender
mainstreaming in local government manual, Gender
Links, 2010.
The local government gender action plan manual is a
product of the Training of Trainer workshop that took place in
The manual is divided into ten modules. These are:
SADC Protocol on gender and development; Key gender concepts; Gender and
governance; Transformative leadership; Key gender planning concepts; Gender,
the economy and budgeting; Developing a gender action plan with a flagship
action for ending gender violence at the local level; Making IT and the media
work for you; Media literacy for women leaders; Sixteen days of activism.
National
Democratic Institute (NDI)
Candidate
training manual for women. An NDI training guide for civil society
organizations.
http://www.accessdemocracy.org/library/1937_t_m_t_guide_for_civil_org_010105.pdf
In an effort to support the political participation of
women in
The training materials are primarily aimed at trainers
whose target audiences are women who intend to or are thinking about running
for elected office from the local to the national level. The materials provide
a framework for training and some critical background information. The
materials are intended to help potential women candidates run a race that will
help them win by providing information on how to run for office.
National
Democratic Institute - NDI
Series on Women's Political Participation (
Despite their 20 percent share of the population,
Mayan women in
Topics of the manuals include multiculturalism,
democracy, citizenship, political parties, organizing and leadership. The
guides take a practical approach, giving real-life examples and suggesting
self-guided activities. The series also includes tips and tools for leading
effective training sessions.
In Spanish.
National
Democratic Institute (NDI)
Strengthening
women political leaders in
http://www.accessdemocracy.org/library/1936_t_m_incr_opp_for_women_010105.pdf
This project aims to enhance the capacity of women
candidates to campaign for office and to strengthen the ability of women to
serve as party leaders and as elected officials. The Institute is also working
with political party activists to develop sustainable local capacity to train
women party members, candidates, and elected officials. The training manual
contains the following modules: women and politics; democracy and political
parties; leadership skills; advocacy and political negotiation skills; message
and platform development; effective use of the media; public speaking;
fundraising & membership development; time management; election
campaigning.
A Guide for campaigning for Pacific women.
Throughout the Pacific, women are active and respected
members of their communities. However, representation of
women in Pacific parliaments and congresses is still
very low. This booklet aims to help women who want to get involved in their own
local, national and regional governance to get STARTed
to take on the challenge of elections. The START strategy has been developed as
a quick reference point, to help women remember some of the key issues they will
need to consider and key activities they need to undertake when running for
elections. It is based on the experiences of Pacific women themselves who have
stood for election, drawing on their successes and the lessons they learned
along the way.
UNIFEM
Gender and
governance. Training manual. UNIFEM East and Horn of Africa
regional office, 2007.
This manual
is designed to target women leaders, particularly parliamentarians and those
aspiring to join parliamentary and civic leadership within the different
communities. It is specifically designed to guide them on the relevant issues
related to the electoral process. It also provides reference on how to gain
competitive advantage over their opponents in political leadership. The manual
focuses on
The manual is
organized in modules and consists of 5 Modules under the following headings:
Gender, equality, governance human rights; leadership; media relations,
communications, presentation and negotiation skills; electoral process;
campaign
Beall, Jo
Urban governance. Why gender matters.
www.cities-localgovernments.org/uclg/upload/docs/urbangovernance,whygendermatters.doc
This paper
deals with the themes of participation and partnership in urban governance, a
concept which refers to both government responsibility and civic engagement. It
looks at gender issues in participation, responsible urban government and civic
engagement, which are important themes in the Habitat Agenda. Participation is
commonly associated with organisational or political participation. However,
participation is also about social and economic participation - the extent to
which different social groups, and the men and women within them, have access
to and control over urban resources. It recognises how women and men use and
contribute to the city in different ways; how this is influenced by their
different responsibilities in the home and in society and how this in turn
affects their ability to engage in public life.
Bell, Emma
National
machineries for women in development. Experiences, lessons and strategies for
institutionalising gender in development policy and planning.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/re36c.pdf
What are national
governments doing to promote the status of women? Governments have created
women’s committees, divisions, and bureaux, but have these had any impact? This
report reviews the experience of these so-called “national women’s machineries”
(NWM), drawing on cases from developing countries. The mandates, status and
effectiveness of NWMs have been constrained by lack
of commitment and funding from governments. In order to be more effective, NWMs must restructure themselves so that women’s concerns
are fully mainstreamed into the strategies and activities of both governments
and NGOs.
European
Commission.
The town for equality. A methodology and good
practices for equal opportunities between women and men.
European Commission, 2006.
http://www.ccre.org/bases/T_599_26_3524.pdf
The publication is made up of two parts.
The first part is an overview on women’s role and
needs in a town: concerning their participation in decision-making, in the
mechanisms of decision and different policies which are of local competencies.
The second part of the publication contains a methodology that has been
developed based on the overview. The methodology is a tool for the
implementation of policies that take into account women’s needs and their role
in the day-to-day life of our societies.
Evertzen, A.
Handbook gender and local governance.
http://www.gade-gender.nl/Gender%20and%20Local%20Governance.htm
This Handbook is an overview of the literature and web
sites concerning gender and governance processes, underlining strategies and
best practices. Special emphasis is placed on local governance and the region
of
Gonzalez, K. ; Sample, K.
One size
does not fit all. Lessons learned from legislative gender commissions and caucuses.
International IDEA / NDI, 2010.
This guide
offers strategies to better obtain influence in parliaments that Latin American
legislators can use to promote their gender equality agenda more effectively;
ensure that gender is an element in the debate and agendas, and that it becomes
an essential component of all legislation.
Inter Parliamentary
Equality in
politics. A survey of women and men in parliaments. Geneva:
IPU, 2008.
http://www.ipu.org/english/surveys.htm#equality08
This
publication is the result of survey research conducted by the IPU between 2006
and 2008. It collates insights from both men and women parliamentarians into
the factors that shape decision making. It provides concrete examples of how
parliamentarians are working to attain gender equality in politics at the
national level, and how parliaments can become more gender-sensitized. Survey
respondents also identify several structural changes that could help to promote
women’s access to and full participation in parliament.
International
Worldwide Declaration on Women in Local
Government. Harare: IULA, 1998.
http://www.cityshelter.org/13_mobil/18tend.htm
On 25 November
Also available in French and Spanish
Lakwo, Alfred
Making decentralization work for women in Uganda.
Leiden: African Studies Centre, 2009.
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/13793/2/ASC-075287668-1025-01.pdf
The title of this book – Making Decentralization work
for Women – presents two sides of the same coin. Foremost, it reveals that
decentralization was not working for women and second, it indicates that
decentralization can work for women. How the gendered decentralized governance
can be engendered is the central argument presented in this book. The book
explores the euphoria with which
Mukhopadhyay,
Maitrayee; Meer, Shamim.
Creating voice and carving
space. Redefining governance from a
gender perspective.
http://www.kit.nl/net/KIT_Publicaties_output/ShowFile2.aspx?e=646
The book focuses on sixteen
organisation's initiatives across eight countries in Africa and
Chapters are devoted to a variety of topics,
including:
§
creating voice and carving
space
§
women's political
representation
§
increasing responsiveness and
accountability of governance institutions
§
citizenship
Each chapter also includes a variety of case studies.
United
Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
Gender mainstreaming in local authorities. Best
practices. UN-Habitat, 2008
The initiatives presented in this handbook are drawn
from the best practices database of United Nations Human Settlements Programme
as well as other databases and websites.
The best practices can be arranged into three main
sections: (i) gender mainstreaming (ii) women’s
empowerment (iii) women’s safety and security. Women’s empowerment encompasses
a wide range
of related issues: poverty reduction, increasing
women’s participation in decision making, enhancing women’s access to housing
and security of tenure, better access to basic services, including, for
example, child care facilities.
United
Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), Huairou
commission
Local
to local dialogue. A grassroots women's perspective on
good governance. UN-HABITAT, 2004.
The six case
studies from
Mugisha, Maude
Gender
and decentralisation. Promoting women's participation in local councils. Case
Study:
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X6090E/X6090E00.HTM
A sensitisation programme aimed to create awareness at
the community level on the need to
support and enable women to effectively utilise the opportunities to
participate in local level decision-making processes. The programme provided
opportunities for women and men to discuss and examine the issue of women in
leadership positions. The document includes the training modules used during the
Lira District Programme.
United Nations Human Settlements
Programme (UN-HABITAT)
Gender in
local government. A sourcebook for trainers. Nairobi: UN-HABITAT, 2008
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/directory/pdf/Source_BK_9-May.pdf
This
Sourcebook aims at providing local governments with the tools to better
understand the importance of gender in the decision-making process and to reach
better solutions for the communities they serve. For this publication the
following key issues of local governance have been selected:
participation
in local government; land rights; urban planning; service provision; local
government financing; violence against women; and local economic development.
Each of these
issues is introduced by a brief gender analysis. Numerous case studies
illustrate what local governments can do. Reflection questions and training
exercises help trainers to develop successful training events.
A
bibliography:
Bridge
Gender and
budgets. Cutting Edge Pack.
This pack provides a concise &
practical resource, which shows how budgets can be used as a tool to further
gender equality.
The pack contains:
Overview
report. By Helena Hofbauer.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/CEP-Budgets-report.pdf
Collection of supporting resources.By
Hazel Reeves and Charlie Sever.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/CEP-Budgets-SRC.pdf
Gender
and Development In Brief bulletin
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/dgb12.html
The pack also is available in Spanish and French.
And
further:
Budlender, D., Elson,
D., Hewitt, G. and Mukhopadhyay, T.
Gender
budgets make cents. Understanding gender responsive budgets.
This publication aims to
inspire government officials, policy-makers, donor agencies, and civil society
groups to engage in gender-responsive budget initiatives by demonstrating both
equity and efficiency gains.
Budlender, D.; Hewitt, G.
Engendering budgets. A
practioner’s guide to understanding and implementing
gender-responsive budgets. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2003.
http://www.eldis.org/cf/rdr/rdr.cfm?doc=DOC16637
This guide is intended to help practitioners design and implement
gender-responsive budgets. The first part of the guide provides background
information on gender-responsive budgets. Part two outlines how to implement a
government budget, as well the budget process and potential entry points for
beginning gender budget work. Part three addresses the practical issues
involved in implementation, focusing on assessment and sustainability of
initiatives. The final section of the guide looks at how the three-way
categorisation developed in
Budlender, D.;
Hewitt, G.
Gender
budgets make more cents. Country studies and good practice.
This volume of case
studies gives practitioners' accounts of the challenges and opportunities of
gender budget work across
Budlender,
D.; Reyes, C.; Melesse, M.
Gender-Responsive Budgeting through the CBMS Lens. Implementing the
Community-Based Monitoring System in a way that facilitates gender-responsive
budgeting. Community Agency for Social Enquiry
(
http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11271610181Gender_Responsive_Budgeting_Through_the_CBMS_Lens.pdf
The following paper suggests how the
Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS), developed and implemented in 14
countries over the last ten years with financial support from the Canadian
International Development Research Centre (IDRC), can be used to
facilitate gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) at the local level. In
particular, it looks at how CBMS can be used to support local-level GRB (LLGRB)
initiatives of civil society and local government.
Elson,
D.
Budgeting
for women's rights. Monitoring government budgets for compliance with CEDAW.
UNIFEM, 2006.
http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11555084811Monitoring_Government_Budgets_Compliance_CEDAW.pdf
This publication makes a significant contribution to
the advocacy work on the transparency of budgets. It provides arguments for increasing
the accountability of government budgets to women's rights.
The report compiles experiences of gender-responsive
budget initiatives that analysed budgets to assess how they contribute to
bridging gender gaps and achieving women's rights in the areas of education,
health, employment, protection against violence, land and property rights, and
social protection, among others. It explains how to identify gender
inequalities in budget processes, budget expenditure and revenue raising
policies, and how to address such inequalities. Citing examples from the work
of gender-responsive budget initiatives, the report shows progress made in this
regard in several countries.
Elson, D.
Budgeting
for women’s rights, monitoring government budgets for compliance with CEDAW. A
summary guide for policy makers, gender equality and human rights advocates,
UNIFEM 2008.
http://www.unifem.org/attachments/products/MonitoringGovernmentBudgetsComplianceCEDAW_eng.pdf
This booklet
based on Diane Elson’s publication “Budgeting for women’s rights: monitoring
Government Budgets for compliance with CEDAW’ is an advocacy tool for key
stakeholders in the area of government budgets and women’s human rights,
including policy and lawmakers at the country level, and gender and human
rights advocates.
The
publication is available in English, French and Spanish.
Feridoun, S.
Gender-responsive
government budgeting. The importance of
spreading gender related budgets across a broad range of sectors. International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2003.
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2003/wp0383.pdf
This paper examines the concept
of gender-responsive government budgeting and the extent of its implementation
by national governments in both advanced and developing countries. The paper
argues that in order for GRGB to be fully effective, obstacles such as
gender-biased culture, the lack of appropriate budget classifications, and the
lack of gender analysis expertise and gender-disaggregated data in most
countries need to be addressed.
Whilst 40 countries (OECD and developing countries) have
attempted to include some sort of gender analysis in their budgeting systems, a
closer look at the country data provided suggests that several countries have
only been exposed to the old concept of the allocation of some government
resources to the ministries or other organisations in charge of women’s
affairs, rather than analysing the gender impact of resources allocated to all
(or at least gender-sensitive) sectors. These might include health, education,
agriculture, housing, labour and employment.
Implementation of GRGB in a given country is not
related to its wealth or technological status, but to the degree of the will
or, more importantly, the size of the governments involvement in economic or
social activities.
Government
of
Gender budgeting guidelines and analytical tools for
lower local governments.
http://www.iknowpolitics.org/en/node/84
These guidelines were developed to address the current
deficiencies in gender budgeting in
Inter-Parliamentary
Parliament,
the budget and gender. IPU,
2004.
http://www.ipu.org/PDF/publications/budget_en.pdf
This
handbook, jointly produced with the United Nations Development Programme, the World
Bank Institute and the United Nations Fund for Women, was inspired by a series
of regional and national seminars on Parliament and the Budgetary Process,
Including from a Gender Perspective. Intended as a reference tool, this
handbook sets out practical examples of parliament's active engagement in the
budgetary process. It seeks to advance parliament's own institutional capacity
to make a positive impact on the budget, and to equip parliament, its members
and parliamentary staff with the necessary tools to examine the budget from a
gender perspective. The Handbook will also serve as a follow-up guide for
participants of past and future seminars on the role of parliaments in the
budgetary process.
Sharp,
Ronda.
Budgeting
for equity. Gender budget initiatives within a framework of performance
oriented budgeting. Unifem, 2003.
http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11271626601Rhonda_Sharp-_Budgeting_for_Equity.pdf
This research was commissioned
by UNIFEM to explore the implications for gender responsive budget initiatives
of recent pubic sector ‘performance oriented’ reforms in government budgeting.
It poses the question: can performance oriented budgeting serve as a framework
for making budgets more gender responsive?
The paper outlines strategies that
facilitate the achievement of gender responsive budget initiative goals within
a performance oriented budget framework. The paper discusses in detail
the evolution, strengths and weaknesses of performance oriented budgets, with a
focus on outputs (products and services delivered by agencies) and outcomes (the
impacts of government policies).
United nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
Evaluation
Report. UNIFEM’s Work on Gender-Responsive Budgeting.
UNIFEM, 2009.
http://www.unifem.org/materials/item_detail.php?ProductID=175
Since 2001,
UNIFEM has supported Gender-Responsive
Budgeting initiatives in more than 35 countries. This evaluation critically
examines how UNIFEM can further influence the achievement of gender equality
through national budgetary processes and uses the criteria of relevance,
effectiveness and sustainability to analyse data.
Action
for Development (ACFODE)
Gender
Budget training manual. ACFODE, 2005.
http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11281111621ACFODE'S_GENDER_BUDGET_TRAINING_MANUAL.doc
This training manual has been developed, to guide
trainers who are involved in building capacities of policy makers and other
stakeholders at district and subcounty levels in
gender budgeting. The overall objective is to ensure that plans and budgets
address the needs of disadvantaged groups especially the women. Gender budget
training seeks to enhance awareness of the decision-makers and other
stakeholders to the importance of integrating gender in plans and budgets. This
is achieved by imparting skills and techniques of gender budgeting so that they
can oversee the integration of gender concerns during the formulation of
national and district budgets, as well as the implementation of gender
sensitive budgets.
GTZ manual
for training on gender responsive budgeting. GTZ, 2004.
http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-manual-gender-budgeting-2006.pdf
This Manual
is designed for professional gender trainers who are familiar with training
methods and gender concepts. It is based on an advanced training course for
trainers organized by GTZ’s Gender Advisory Project from
26 July to 7 August
United
nations Population Fund (UNFPA) / United nations Development Fund for Women
(UNIFEM)
Gender responsive budgeting in
practice. A training manual.
UNFPA / UNIFEM, 2006.
http://www.unifem.org/attachments/products/GRBinPractice_TrainingManual_eng.pdf
The training
manual on gender responsive budgeting (GRB) is intended to build the capacity
of UNFPA and UNIFEM staff in applying gender budget analysis tools in their
programming around gender equality and women’s rights, it will also assist them
in supporting gender budget initiatives wherever they exist. The manual
specifically seeks to build understanding of GRB as a tool for promoting gender
equity, accountability to women’s rights as well as efficiency and transparency
in budget policies and processes. It is anticipated that this manual will
develop skills required to effectively engage in mainstreaming gender in planning
and budgeting processes at country level.
The manual
draws on the rich experience and lessons learnt from UNIFEM’s
programming on gender budgeting in more than thirty countries since early 2000.
It further encapsulates the understanding that gender responsive budgeting is
an essential element in any serious political commitment towards gender
equality and lays out approaches to align budgets with requirements for the
achievement of women’s rights.
Coopoo, S.
Women and local government revenue.
Idasa.
The aim of this paper is to give the reader an overall
understanding of the different sources of municipal revenue and to analyse the
impact that selected sources have on women and men.
Section 2 of the paper describes the different sources
of municipal revenue. It discusses
the sources under four broad categories: income from
services; intergovernmental transfers; internal municipal funding; and other
funding from outside the municipality. The section gives a brief description of
the many different, and often complicated, possible sources of funds for local
government.
A short section 3 presents a poverty alleviation
tool-box which points to the different ways in which municipalities can address
the needs of poor women, men and children living in their area.
Section 4 of the paper then analyses selected sources
so as to understand the current approach used by municipalities in generating
revenue, the policy debates, and the impact the different approaches have on
women and men living within South African municipalities. Particular emphasis
is placed on the money that municipalities themselves raise directly from
citizens in the form of rates, tariffs and charges.
Barnett, K. & Grown, c.
Gender impacts of government revenue collection: the
case of taxation. The Commonwealth, 2004.
http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/10999506781CS_-_Taxation_and_Gender_Impacts.pdf
This paper reviews the
literature on the gender dimensions of taxation and the implications for tax
policy with special reference to developing countries.
The authors review the literature on the
gender dimensions of taxation and implications for tax policy in developing
countries. The purpose of the paper is to provide information to assist in the
analysis of potential gender bias in tax systems and the design of
gender-sensitive revenue measures.
Bridge
Citizenship. Cutting Edge
Pack.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports_gend_CEP.html#Citizenship
How are citizenship rights and responsibilities
being extended and transformed by struggles for gender equality? How can women
and others marginalised by gender participate in and influence the decisions
that affect their lives? This pack is a concise, practical resource for
policy-makers, practitioners and activists. It demonstrates how gendered
understandings of citizenship rights can help development actors promote the
participation of all women and men in shaping their societies and communities.
The pack is made up of:
Overview Report . By Shamim Meer with Charlie Sever.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Citizenship-report.pdf
Supporting Resources Collection. By Charlie Sever.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/Citizenship-SRC.pdf
Gender and Development In Brief bulletin.
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/Docs/In%20Brief%20No.15.pdf
The pack also is available in Spanish and French..
Cottrell, J.
and C. Bylesjö
Public
consultation on a draft constitution. With particular reference to women in
Nepal.
International
IDEA, 2010.
http://www.idea.int/resources/analysis/upload/Discussion-5_-English.pdf
This overview
of how to look at the constitution, especially from the perspective of women’s
rights includes a checklist and a gender audit of the draft constitution to map
women’s rights as currently proposed. It will be of use during the public
consultation process on the draft constitution.
The
discussion paper topics focus on the following topics: agenda setting, rules of
procedure, electoral quotas and participation.
This paper is
directed at the non-specialist member of the public who has the opportunity to
comment on a draft constitution proposed for adoption in their country.
Mukhopadhyay, M and N. Singh.
Gender
justice, citizenship, and development. IDRC, 2007/
http://www.idrc.ca/decentralization/ev-108814-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
Although
there have been notable gains for women globally in the last few decades,
gender inequality and gender-based inequities continue to impinge upon girls’
and women’s ability to realize their rights and their full potential as
citizens and equal partners in decision-making and development. In fact, for
every right that has been established, there are millions of women who do not
enjoy it.
In this book,
studies from Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa,
and sub-Saharan Africa and
United Nations - Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW)
Women, nationality and citizenship.
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/jun03e.pdf
This
report outlines provisions in international instruments and human rights
treaties which address discriminatory nationality laws and provides examples of
where such instruments have been used. In many
states, a wife's nationality is dependent on that of her husband, which can
leave women vulnerable in cross-national marriages. Women can also be
vulnerable in cases where they retain their own nationality and move to another
country, rendering them unable to access citizen rights in the new environment.
Women are often not allowed to pass nationality on to their children which has
significant implications for custody and security of children. Recommendations
focus on how actions at the international and national levels can work with
international instruments and amend national laws. They also include gender
training for the judiciary and immigration officers and removing the barriers
to dual nationality. Recommendations for NGOs include initiating test-cases,
disseminating national and international case law and the production of
'shadow' reports to the Committee that oversees the enforcement of the
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women
(CEDAW).
Also available in French: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/jun03f.pdf
and Spanish: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/jun03s.pdf
Council of
Equality between women and men.
http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_Rights/Equality/
This site has
been set up to provide information on all the Council of Europe's activities in
the field of equality between women and men at intergovernmental level. Since
1979, the Organisation has been promoting European co-operation to achieve real
equality between the sexes. It possesses a wealth of information on subjects
such as violence against women, trafficking in human beings, gender
mainstreaming, positive action, balanced participation in decision-making,
national machinery for equality, men and gender equality. The site explains
what kind of work is carried out and gives direct access to a number of
publications and studies.
The
International Development Research Centre’s (IDRC)
Women's Rights and Citizenship
http://www.idrc.ca/decentralization/ev-29737-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
The Women’s Rights and Citizenship (WRC) program was
launched in 2006 to support applied research in the field of women’s rights,
citizenship and development. The WRC
program contributes to bringing Southern voices into current debates in the
international gender and development field. WRC’s
mission is to support research on women’s rights and citizenship that uses
gender and social analysis and focuses on the needs of poor and marginalized
women in the South; that utilizes methodologies that are empowering to
participants; and that engages meaningfully with decision-makers and policy
debates, with a view to effecting change.
The website contains research areas; projects;
resources for researchers; publications; events; links; etc.
International
Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)
Women
in parliament: beyond numbers.
IDEA serves as a discussion
forum and information depot for all aspects of women's involvement in politics.
Further links, and online the book: ‘Women in parliament: beyond numbers’, from
Azza Karam.
Global database of quotas for women
International IDEA promotes the participation and
representation of women in politics. The institute provides comparative
information on how to advance gender and democracy issues. A series of regional
reports on gender quotas have been produced, featuring experiences from
The International Knowledge Network
of Women in Politics
The International Knowledge Network of Women in Politics (iKNOW Politics) is an online workspace designed to serve the needs of elected officials, candidates, political party leaders and members, researchers, students and other practitioners interested in advancing women in politics. It is a joint project of the UNDP, UNIFEM, the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI), the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA).
Created with the goal of increasing the effectiveness and participation of women through the innovative use of technology, iKNOW-Politics includes an online library that provides access to academic papers, case studies, training materials, data and statistics, editorials and newspaper articles and government documents on the issue of women and political process; a discussion board that enables users to exchange information and participate in discussions; and a space where best practices on topics ranging from campaign techniques to political parties to post-conflict and transitional participation can be shared.
In order to provide the highest possible level of accessibility and ensure wide-scale use, the content and resources on the iKNOW Politics Web site are available in Arabic, English, French and Spanish.
Royal
tropical Institute
Gender, Citizenship and Governance (GCG)
http://portals.kit.nl/smartsite.shtml?id=23624
GCG is a database (library) that is
ongoing with new content added regularly, with at present more than 500
resources as well as many news items & events. A new search engine makes it
possible to search all resources, including news and events in several ways ((free)
keywords; year; etc.). It also offers e-mail alerts, RSS feeds, and can be
followed on Twitter and Facebook.
What the portal offers is a searchable digital library
of:
-
E-publications
-
Websites (including wiki's, blogs)
- E-newsletters
-
E-discussion (lists & forums)
-
Bibliographic databases
-
Directories of organizations and projects
-
Audiovisual resources
United
Cities and Local Governments
http://www.cities-localgovernments.org/uclg/index.asp?pag=template.asp&L=EN&ID=64
The Women in Local Decision-Making Library provides
easy access to a wide range of reports, fact sheets, articles and case studies
on women in local government.
Launched in June 2003 as part of the Global Programme
on Women in Local Decision-Making, the Library is organised around key topics
and includes documents on a wide variety of subjects.
The Library is being continually expanded and updated
and will be a valuable asset to those interested in women in local government..
Gender statistics can be found on:
http://www.cities-localgovernments.org/uclg/index.asp?pag=wldmstatistics.asp&type=&L=EN&pon=1
Also
accessible in French and Spanish.
Inter-Parliamentary
Democracy through partnership between men and
women in politics.
http://www.ipu.org/iss-e/women.htm
Site with a lot of information about women in
politics, especially in national parliaments. It contains historical facts, statistics
(world en regional averages and comparative data by country about women in
parliament and government), debating subjects, studies and surveys, the
follow-up to the
On-line a bibliographic
database women in politics with
abstracts and many keywords.
http://www.ipu.org/bdf-e/BDFsearch.asp
Likewise the website contains an online a database with the detailed results of parliamentary elections.
The database contains the world and regional averages
of women representation in parliament (both houses), and women representation
in national parliaments (both houses) indicating the number of seats and
averages.
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch.asp
Also accessible in French
National Democratic Institute for
International Affairs (NDI)
Women's
political participation
http://www.ndi.org/content/womens_programs
The NDI is a non profit organisation working to
strengthen and expand democracy worldwide. The site gives an overview of their
program activities concerning women’s participation. With country highlights,
publications and resources.
UN-WOMEN / Commonwealth / International Development Research Centre
Gender
responsive budget initiative
http://www.gender-budgets.org/
The Gender Responsive Budget Initiatives
is a collaborative effort between the United Nations Women, The Commonwealth
Secretariat and
The Gender Responsive Budget Initiatives
website features resources on gender budgets. The online
library contains country cases, documents and references, training manuals and
tools and presentations and proceedings. The site
highlights workshops and events that will be taking place on the topic of
gender budgeting.
Also on the site: newsletters issued periodically to
encourage knowledge sharing between Gender Budget Initiatives around the world.
It share news on progress made in incorporating a gender perspective into
budgeting, and inform practitioners of new resources and publications on GRB.