BIBLIOGRAPHY GENDER AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES and FACT SHEETS

 

NRM IN GENERAL

BIODIVERSITY

Dry-land management

LAND MANAGEMENT

Water management

TRAINING_MANUALS

WEBSITES

 

 

Febr. 2011

Annette Evertzen

 

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

 

 

Cummings, Sarah; Dam, Henk van; Valk, Minke.

Natural Resources Management and gender. A global source book. Amsterdam; Royal Tropical Institute, 2002. (Gender, Society & Development series 6).

The publication reflects experiences with mainstreaming gender and women's issues in natural resources management. The introductory paper focusing on the history and current status of gender and natural resources management is followed by five contributions from West Africa, Pakistan, Mesoamerica, India and Uganda. An annotated bibliography listing printed and electronic documents and a list of important websites complement the case studies.

 

Lyrén, Lillimor.

Gender and forestry. A bibliography. Umeå: Forestry Library. SLU, 2004.

www.bib.slu.se/bibliotek/skogs/genus/genderandfor.pdf

The result of searches in 19 different databases and library catalogues are compiled in this bibliography of Gender and forestry. It contains 927 references. The terms used in the searches were forest, forest management, masculinity, gender, sex & women in different combinations. The bibliography is organized in a scheme with different headings: author (editors), title, language, source, database, type of publication, country/region and type of study.

 

The Sustainable Development web page

LiteratureWomen and the environment. 2006.

http://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/susdevwom.html

 

 

FACT SHEETS

 

IUCN - The World Conservation Union

Factsheets

http://generoyambiente.com/publications.php?t=5

Factsheets about all kind of subjects related to gender and the environment: agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, bioenergy, water, etc.

            Also in Spanish.

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Gender and nutrition fact sheet. FAO, 2010.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al184e/al184e00.pdf

Women are in a unique position to reduce malnutrition, but they frequently have limited access to nutrition information and the resources to improve food security. This fact sheet looks at how the social and economic inequalities between men and women often stand in the way of good nutrition.

The right to adequate food fact sheet. OHCHR / FAO, 2010.

http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FactSheet34en.pdf

This fact sheet explains what the right to adequate food is. It illustrates the implications for specific individuals and groups, such as women and children; and elaborates upon State parties’ obligations with respect to this basic human right.

Gender and Land Rights. Understanding complexities; adjusting policies.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al059e/al059e00.pdf

A Policy Brief that illustrates some of the issues preventing women from accessing land and offers guidelines for designing better policies that address this situation effectively.

 

FAO, IFAD, ILO

Gender and Rural Employment Policy Brief. 2010

1.  Gender-equitable rural work to reduce poverty and boost economic growth.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2008e/i2008e01.pdf

Equal access to decent employment is particularly important for rural women, as a means to ensure their families’ livelihoods and well-being. This Policy Brief presents key issues and policy recommendations to help tackle decent work deficits and gaps.

2. Investing in skills for socio-economic empowerment of rural women

http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2008e/i2008e02.pdf

Higher barriers in education and training limit women's participation in better remunerated jobs and leadership roles. This Policy Brief highlights the need to widen skills development opportunities for both women and men to enhance rural productivity

3. Rural women’s entrepreneurship is “good business”!

http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2008e/i2008e03.pdf

Rural women’s entrepreneurship can provide a significant contribution to economic growth and poverty reduction. To promote women-led rural businesses, programmes and services must therefore respond to their specific needs and requirements.

4. Agricultural value chain development: Threat or opportunity for women’s employment?

            http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2008e/i2008e04.pdf

This Policy Brief provides recommendations on how to minimize the risks and enhance the opportunities that modern agricultural value chains can offer rural men and women.

5. Women in infrastructure works: Boosting gender equality and rural development!

http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2008e/i2008e05.pdf

Rural infrastructure programmes can create valuable work opportunities, as well as increase access to goods and services for rural people. This Policy Brief outlines ways to include the needs of both men and women when identifying, designing and implementing public works.

6. Making migration work for women and men in rural labour markets.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2008e/i2008e06.pdf

Migrants, especially women, are often vulnerable to forms of discrimination and social exclusion. A combination of legal, policy and practical measures that address their needs is therefore key to increasing their social status and bargaining power.

7. Breaking the rural poverty cycle: Getting girls and boys out of work and into school.

                http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2008e/i2008e07.pdf

Millions of girls and boys in rural areas worldwide are child labourers. To end the cycle of poverty for the children involved, policies must address the root causes of child labour and promote decent work for adults in rural areas.

 

 

 

 

NRM IN GENERAL

 

 

Bjørning, Gertrud; Kiørboe, Elisabeth.

Integrating indigenous and gender aspects in natural resource management. Guidelines for practitioners.  IGNARM, 2005.

http://www.ignarm.dk/resources/Guidelines_for_Practitioners.pdf

This publication is the culmination of the joint project IGNARM, The Network on Indigenous peoples, Gender and Natural Resource Management, set up for sharing, exploring and strengthening the participating organisations' experiences and knowledge within the field emerging at the intersection between indigenous peoples, gender and natural resource management. The network was formed by five Danish organisations.

 

Earthsummit 2002.

http://www.earthsummit2002.org/toolkits/women/       

This web-site aims to help women's groups to use international agreements from the whole cycle of UN Conferences and Summits in the 1990s and their follow-up processes, helping people to use policy agreements and commitments in their advocacy work, in concrete projects on the ground, and to monitor progress in implementation. The Toolkit includes all conference outcomes and all subsequent commission reports as well as relevant conventions, etc. It includes NGO documents which were produced for the conferences and commission meetings, such as position papers, background material, etc.

The Toolkit additionally presents those documents for quick download.  It also provides relevant material from other stakeholders and extensive information for networking.: a directory of online discussion groups (list servers) and scheduled online conferences; structured and commented directories of links by stakeholders and by issues. The Toolkit also has a directory of electronic newsletters on women's and gender issues and action & campaigning sites.

Pages with training material and training institutions as well as good practices collections are currently under construction.

 

Flintan F.

Engendering Eden. Volume I. Women, gender and integrated conservation and development projects. Lessons learnt and ways forward. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2003.

http://www.eldis.org/cf/rdr/rdr.cfm?doc=DOC16021
This paper discusses key issues identified through research carried out on ICDPs (Integrated Conservation and Development Projects) in Africa and Asia. It draws out the experiences and lessons learnt from the two year research project in ICDPs.

Engendering Eden. Volume II. Women, gender and integrated development projects in Africa. Lessons learnt and experiences shared. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2003.

http://www.eldis.org/cf/rdr/rdr.cfm?doc=DOC16016

This paper sets out to understand what gender-based differences and inequities exist within communities, and how these affect participation and the distribution of benefits in relation to Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs). Gender analysis of the impact of the project, and recommendations to increase women's participation.

Engendering Eden. Volume III. Women, gender and integrated development projects in South and South-East Asia. Lessons learnt and experiences shared. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2003.

http://www.eldis.org/cf/rdr/rdr.cfm?doc=DOC15720
This report discusses how differences within communities affect participation and the distribution of benefits in relation to Integrated Conservation and Development Projects. The report draws on experiences from south and south-east Asia, making a number of recommendations.

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).

Guidelines for reporting on Article 14. FAO, 2006.

http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_060202_en.htm

The present Guide on Article 14 of the CEDAW is primarily intended for Ministries of Agriculture and other Ministries (such as Ministries of Land and Natural Resources). It may also be useful for other professional groups working in governments, NGOs and civil or private sector institutions. It may equally be of use to policy-makers, and at the university level. The Guide also serves to highlight the role of FAO, and especially its Gender and Population Division (SDW).

This Guide is divided into two major sections. Part One covers CEDAW and the background to this Convention. It also includes advice on how to find information, how to organise the collection of information and key questions concerning rural women.

Part Two looks at the role of FAO with respect to CEDAW. The issues addressed concern the Technical Cooperation Programme, the contribution of FAO towards the implementation of the Convention with respect to land, the FAO Action Plan for Rural Women and the Action Plan of the World Food Summit.

Also available in French and Spanish.

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Rural households and resources. A guide for extension workers. Rome: FAO, 2004.

http://www.fao.org/sd/seaga/downloads/En/RHREn.pdf

This guide was developed under the Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis Programme (SEAGA) of the and aims to highlight major issues affecting rural households, and to provide users with resources and tools for collecting, analysing and sharing information about the constraints, opportunities and priorities faced by communities, households and individual household members.

The guide promotes the use of gender-sensitive and participatory approaches as a means of achieving sustainable development that puts people at the centre of the issues, analysis and solutions.

The SEAGA Guide on rural households and resources (hereafter referred to as is actually three interlinked documents made up of the following:

§          Part I: A resource guide providing background information on household resource management and an overview of issues to keep in mind when planning extension interventions.

§          Annexes containing a glossary, references and checklists.

§          Part II: A toolbox for use in communication with rural people/extension clients.

Also available as Pocket guide.

Also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese.

 

FAO - Food and Agricultural Organization -

Socioeconomic and gender analysis (SEAGA). Rome: FAO, 2001.

http://www.fao.org/sd/seaga/4_en.htm

A series of 3 extensive handbooks: Field handbook, Intermediate level handbook, and macro level handbook.

These handbooks are meant to incorporate socio-economic and gender considerations into development projects, programmes and policies in order to ensure that all development efforts address the needs and priorities of men and women.

They address hree levels of development workers:

§          Field agents who work directly with local communities. The SEAGA field-level handbook facilitates the participatory identification of the needs and priorities of local men and women from different socio-economic groups.

§          Development planners in public and private sector institutions. The SEAGA intermediate-level handbook assists in the identification and analysis of the linkages between the macro and field levels. It also enables the assessment of the institutions organizational mechanisms from a gender perspective.

Policy- and decision-makers who work at the international and/or national levels. The SEAGA macro-level handbook facilitates gender mainstreaming in programmes and policies.

Also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese.

              

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Socio-economic and gender sensitive indicators in the management of natural resources. Rome: FAO, 2003.

http://www.fao.org/sd/2003/PE09023a_en.htm

In spite of the many recent UN system-wide commitments and mandates to evaluate progress made in gender mainstreaming, an assessment of the current status of socio-economic and gender-sensitive indicators (GSI) in the management of natural resources revealed an almost complete lack of practical experience in this area. Not surprisingly, there was a disappointingly low level of gender-sensitive monitoring of natural resource management projects. To fill these knowledge gaps, this paper develops GSI indicators through the identification of GSI factors that put differential pressure on the management and use of natural resources. A core set of GSI indicators was arrived at, based on in situ field verifications of the management of agrobiodiversity in Nepal and of reclaimed lands in Egypt, combining both qualitative and quantitative data sources. Wide in scope and application possibilities, GSI indicators can be used to monitor the impact of a specific project, but could also expand to include monitoring of whether and how the relationship between women and men and their natural resources evolves and changes over time. Thus, the systematic monitoring of GSI indicators will allow the formulation of more sustainable, efficient and effective development response, in this way making their contribution towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2015.

 

IUCN - The World Conservation Union

Everything counts! Valuing environmental initiatives with a gender equity perspective in Latin America. IUCN, 2004.

http://www.genderandenvironment.org/arcangel2/documentos/392.pdf

This book contains a selection of 30 experiences from Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru, and two international experiences.

It provides examples of experiences about management practices involving forests, environmental education, participatory diagnostics, alternative markets, recovery of degraded water and land areas, alternative undertakings, innovative field work methodologies, crop diversification, seed safeguarding, training and gender sensitization programs, institutional policies and global agreements.

The meaningful participation of women in decision-making processes entails carrying out actions to overcome gender inequalities at all levels, including participation, information sharing and generation, education, empowerment, technology transfer, organization, financial assistance and training, among others

 

Resurreccion,B., P.; Elmhirst,R.

Gender and natural resource management. Livelihoods, mobility and interventions. International Development Research Centre. 2008.

http://www.eldis.org/cf/rdr/?doc=37844&em=220708&sub=gender

This book examines the gender dimensions of natural resource exploitation and management, with a focus on Asia. It explores the uneasy negotiations between theory, policy, and practice that are often evident within the realm of gender, environment, and natural resource management. It offers a critical feminist perspective on gender relations and natural resource management in the context of contemporary policy concerns: decentralized governance, the elimination of poverty, and the mainstreaming of gender.

The book is centred around three themes:

·          the changing global context with which approaches to gender and environment must engage, particularly changes associated with neo-liberalism

·          the ways 'gender' has been incorporated in environment and development practices, especially within interventions designed to accomplish sustainable development goals

·          the realm of gender, knowledge and authority, and how gendered subjectivities problematise simplistic mappings of gendered agency and environmental actions.

The book combines conceptual argument with empirical material from a variety of political, economic and ecological contexts across Asia, including Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. In different ways, the authors explore how gender subjectivities, ideologies and identities are produced, employed and contested within natural resource governance, and how gender discourses shape exclusions and possibilities within environment/development processes.

 

UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme

Women and the environment. UNEP / WEDO, 2004.

http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=468&ArticleID=4488&l=en

            This publication makes the often hidden links between women and the environment visible, with an explicit focus on the gender-related aspects of land, water and biodiversity conservation and management. The book, drawing on observations and research by numerous individuals and organizations including UNEP and the UN Food and Agricultural Organization, contains numerous illuminating anecdotes and case studies that reflect the crucial and all too often ignored role of women in the environment.

Describing the evolution of development analysis from a focus on women as a separate group to its current more holistic emphasis on gender, the chapter considers an analytical framework for future discussions of women, the environment and development.

 

Vernooy, R.

Social and gender analysis in natural resource management: learning studies and lessons from Asia. International Development Research Centre (IDRC), 2006.

http://www.eldis.org/cf/rdr/rdr.cfm?doc=DOC20982

This book documents and reflects on the steps that researchers are taking to implement social and gender analysis, including questions of class, caste, and ethnicity, into their everyday work. It combines both learning experiences and scientific results, representing academic and non-academic sectors, a variety of research organizations, and a number of natural resource management questions, including biodiversity conservation, crop and livestock improvement, and sustainable grassland development.

The learning studies from China, India, Mongolia, Nepal, and Vietnam, illustrate challenges, opportunities, successes, and disappointments, and highlight the different methods used and adapted in the diverse contexts of South and Southeast Asia. The book concludes with a comparative analysis of the learning studies, which highlights common issues and challenges.

 

WEDO - Women's Environment & Development Organization - Rebecca Pearl

Common ground. Women’s access to natural resources and the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. New York: WEDO, 2003.

http://www.wocan.org/files/all/common_ground_womens_access_to_natural_resources.pdf

This booklet demonstrates how linking Millennium Development Goals 1, 3, and 7 that focus on poverty eradication, gender equality and environmental sustainability can expand women's access to natural resources. It illustrates, through grassroots initiatives and real life examples, the linkages between poverty eradication, women's empowerment and natural resources and provides strategies, tools and actions for women's groups, NGOs, UN agencies, governments and other institutions to integrate gender issues and women's participation in the MDG process. Finally, this booklet contains resources for finding out more about the MDG process and women's access to natural resources.

 

Worldbank

Gender in agriculture sourcebook. Worldbank, 2008.

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTARD/EXTGENAGRLIVSOUBOOK/0,,contentMDK:21348334~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:3817359,00.html

Women play a vital role as agricultural producers and as agents of food and nutritional security. Yet relative to men, they have less access to productive assets such as land and services such as finance and extension. A variety of constraints impinge upon their ability to participate in collective action as members of agricultural cooperative or water user associations. In both centralized and decentralized governance systems, women tend to lack political voice.

Gender inequalities result in less food being grown, less income being earned, and higher levels of poverty and food insecurity. Agriculture in low-income developing countries is a sector with exceptionally high impact in terms of its potential to reduce poverty. Yet for agricultural growth to fulfill this potential, gender disparities must be addressed and effectively reduced. 

 

 

 

 

BIODIVERSITY 

 

 

Howard, Patricia L.

Women in the plant world. The significance of women and gender bias for biodiversity conservation. IUCN, 2001.

www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/413.pdf

This briefing deals with ethnobotanical science and the way it is practiced, and about biodiversity conservation and the way it is conceptualized and performed. It is about how gender bias affects scientific knowledge of plant world and how this in turn affects our ability to shape that world in the ways that we desire.

 

Howard, Patricia L.

The major importance of ‘minor’ resources. Women and plant biodiversity. Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods Programme (SARL) IIED, 2003.

http://www.frameweb.org/adl/en-US/2430/file/277/Women_and_Plant_Biodiversity_NP.pdf

This paper describes how women predominate in plant biodiversity management in their roles as housewives, plant gatherers, home gardeners, herbalists, seed custodians and informal plant breeders. It argues, however, that because most plant use, management and conservation occurs within the domestic realm, and because the principal values of plant genetic resources are localised and non-monetary, women are largely invisible to outsiders and are easily undervalued despite this predomination. Traditional knowledge and indigenous rights to plants are everywhere sex-differentiated, and gender inequalities are also implicated in processes leading to biological erosion.

The paper argues that achieving the goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity, particularly those related to sustainable use and to benefit sharing, will require much greater attention to women's knowledge, management and rights, and to the domestic sphere.

 

Rodríguez Villalobos, Guiselle;  Blanco Lobo, Montserrat; Azofeifa Cascante, Francisco.

Diversity makes the difference. Actions to guarantee gender equity in the application of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2004.

http://www.generoyambiente.org/arcangel2/documentos/414.pdf

This document is basically focused on the recognition of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the National Biodiversity Strategies (NBS), as participation and awareness-raising mechanisms of our societies to build a new form of relation between human beings and their environment. These worldwide-recognized options, should also turn into opportunities to empower women and promote an equitable and fair distribution of the benefits derived from the use of the resources of biodiversity.

The book is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents a reflection about the biological and cultural dimensions of diversity, how the CBD recovers them, and the need to clearly set forth the fact that equity also entails a gender dimension. The second chapter illustrates from the gender equity perspective, the uses, knowledge, protection actions and distribution mechanisms related to biodiversity resources. This section is conformed by examples that may be used as material for group reflection. Finally, the NBS are addressed as opportunities to strengthen the equitable participation of women and men.

 

 

 

 

Dry-land management

 

 

Bravo-Baumann, Heidi

Livestock and Gender: a winning pair. Capitalisation of experiences on the contribution of livestock projects to gender issues. Bern: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, 2000.

http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/LEAD/X6106E/x6106e00.htm

Since women are the most important labor force in all livestock keeping communities, and since livestock production and management are joint activities in rural households, this report argues that the livestock sector offers an excellent entry point. Based on the work of SDC and other organizations, and a review of literature on this subject, nine main areas of livestock production are explored. Included are: ownership of and access to resources (land, livestock, capital, knowledge); division of labor; household nutrition; the household economy; training in livestock activities; and the role of farmers' organizations. An overview of experiences of integrating gender aspects in livestock projects is provided, and key points, risks and best practices are identified for each area. The implications of gender aspects for project design and monitoring are emphasized throughout, with indications in each section of required information and possible indicators needed to facilitate integration of these aspects.

 

Brown, L.; Lambrou, Y; Birner, R.

Gender in agriculture sourcebook. International Fund for Agricultural Development, 2008

http://www.ifad.org/gender/pub/sourcebook/gal.pdf

This sourcebook combines descriptive accounts of national and international experience in investing in agriculture with practical operational guidance on to how to design agriculture-for-development strategies that capitalise effectively on the unique properties of agricultural growth and rural development involving women and men as a high-impact source of poverty reduction.

The Sourcebook adopts the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) to provide a conceptual framework for the complexities and synergies of gender equality, livelihoods, food security, and poverty reduction. It provides practical advice, guidelines, principles, descriptions and illustrations of approaches that have worked so far to achieve the goal of effective gender mainstreaming in the agricultural operations of development agencies. It is intended as a guide for practitioners and technical staff in addressing gender issues and integrating gender-responsive actions in the design and implementation of agricultural projects and programmes.

Each chapter includes an overview, thematic notes and innovative activity profiles.

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Agri-Gender Database. A statistical toolkit for the production of sex-disaggregated agricultural data. Rome: FAO, 2010.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/k8472e/k8472e00.pdf

This brochure introduces the Agri-Gender Database, a statistical toolkit for the production of sex-disaggregated agricultural data. It provides examples of questionnaire components and table formats for the collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated agricultural data.

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Gender-disaggregated data for agriculture and rural development. Rome: FAO, 2003.

http://www.fao.org/sd/seaga/downloads/En/GDDEn.pdf

The guide is intended for use by those seeking to facilitate change in approaches to policy and planning design within agricultural ministries, national statistics offices, and other relevant institutions. Specifically, it is intended for those facilitating change with agricultural data and statistics producers in those institutions.

This guide contains several materials useful to facilitators planning and conducting a workshop on gender-disaggregated data for agriculture and rural development - whether long or short, focusing on data tabulation and analysis or questionnaire design, or intended for more technical staff or decision-makers.

This package provides facilitators and participants with exercises that lead toward an understanding of what is gender-disaggregated data and why it is important. It provides some tools for carving out a path towards a retabulation, analysis, interpretation and understanding of data (and hopefully creating new data).

  

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment: Differentiated pathways out of poverty. Status, trends and gaps. Rome, FAO, 2010.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1638e/i1638e.pdf

This publication combines empirical data and good practices based on national and international experiences

on the gender dimension of rural and agricultural employment. The publication presents an update analysis of current development issues that are crucial for addressing rural poverty and achieving the Millenium Development Goals.

The publication is structured into three main parts:

Part 1 is an overview presenting issues related to gender equality and rural employment for poverty reduction, that includes the construction of a gender analytical framework across regions and contexts. This section also identifies appropriate policy responses and gender based constraints to the achievement of decent work for all. Part 2 outlines and analyses key issues. Part 3 offers a selection of  papers that cover thematic areas of particular relevance to discussions about gender and rural employment.

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

SEAGA livestock guide. Planning with a gender and HIV/AIDS lens. Rome: FAO, 2005.

http://www.fao.org/sd/seaga/downloads/En/livestocken.pdf

The purpose of this guide is to support those working on livestock-related programmes and projects, particularly in the design of these, so that they can more effectively respond to the different needs, priorities, constraints, and livelihood strategies present in rural communities or households. This guide focuses on the collection and use of qualitative socio-economic and gender-disaggregated data, particularly for use in project identification and design.

This guide provides a brief overview of some of the key socio-economic and gender issues related to livestock production. In particular, it considers the impact of HIV/AIDS on livestock production and related activities, as it is an overarching development concern affecting all sectors, and increasingly all regions of the world.

 Also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese.

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

The State of food and agriculture. Rome: FAO, 2011.

            http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i2050e/i2050e.pdf

The State of Food and Agriculture 2010–11 makes the “business case” for addressing gender issues in agriculture and rural employment. The agriculture sector is underperforming in many developing countries, in part because women do not have equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive.

The gender gap imposes real costs on society in terms of lost agricultural output, food security and economic growth.

This report documents the different roles played by women in rural areas of developing countries and provides solid empirical evidence on the gender gaps they face in agriculture and rural employment.

 

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD),

Gender and non-timber forest products. Promoting food security and economic empowerment. IFAD, 2008.

http://www.ifad.org/gender/pub/timber.pdf

This publication takes stock of past experience and demonstrates that there are many opportunities to invest in non-timber forest products in support of rural livelihoods and to promote better methods of enabling poor rural people, and especially women, to benefit from the sector. It  highlights approaches used by IFAD and other agencies and emphasizes the multiple dimension of the challenges – in terms of division of labour, differences in access to credit and market information, and environmental issues.  It also illustrates the role of women as agents of change in this sector in knowledge of natural resources, biodiversity and conservation.

 

Laudazi, Marina.

Gender and sustainable development in dry-lands. An analysis of field experiences. Rome: FAO, 2003.

http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/J0086E/J0086E00.HTM

Dry-lands pose different challenges for rural men and women because of their different roles, relations and responsibilities, opportunities and constraints, and uneven access and control of resources. By incorporating a gender perspective in policy, projects and programmes, innovative ways of combating dry-land degradation and food insecurity can be promoted, notably through a better understanding of men's and women's roles, and their respective concerns and needs. This document looks at the relationship between gender and dry-land management, based on an analysis of relevant field experiences in Africa and Asia , identified on the Internet, highlighting the role of women and men in dry-land areas for food security, land conservation/desertification and the conservation of biodiversity. It makes available key findings related to these issues in a number of projects and programmes in Africa and Asia . It also outlines different aspects to be considered for achieving a gender-sensitive and sustainable dry-land management.

Also available in French and Spanish.

 

Quisumbing, A.R.; McClafferty, B. 

Using gender research in development. Incorporating gender issues improves development project design and effectiveness.

International Food Policy Research Institute, 2006.

http://www.ifpri.org/publication/using-gender-research-development

This practitioners' guide aims to bridge the gap between research and practice. The guide offers a non-technical presentation of research findings from IFPRI’s multi-country research programme on gender and intra-household issues, along with implications and key questions for integrating gender research findings into project cycle and policy decision-making processes.

It presents empirical evidence based on field research on the ways in which gender and intra-household issues, when taken into account, can improve the design, implementation, and effectiveness of development projects and policies, and then shows readers how to incorporate the findings effectively into development programmes.

 

United States Agency for International Development

Promoting gender equitable opportunities in agricultural value chains. A handbook. USAID, 2009.

http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/wid/pubs/GATE_Gender_Ag_Value_Chain_Handbook_11-09.pdf

This handbook is based on research studies and training programs conducted under the Greater Access to Trade Expansion (GATE) Project.

The GATE project developed a suite of resources to provide development practitioners with an understanding of and the tools for addressing gender issues in value chain analysis and development programs.

The Handbook covers conceptual and practical issues for addressing gender in agricultural value chains and is divided into two parts.

§          Part I. Integrating Gender Issues into Value Chain Development. This first part introduces gender issues and their relationship to agricultural value chain development.

§          Part II. A Process for Integrating Gender Issues into Agricultural Value Chains. Part II offers practitioners a five-step process for identifying and evaluating genderbased constraints within agricultural value chains with tools and worksheets for implementing the process.

 

World Bank

Gender in agriculture. A World Bank learning module.

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTGENDER/0,,contentMDK:20192985~menuPK:489246~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:336868,00.html

This module has particular reference to the agriculture sector. It offers an overview; the issue of gender in development work, particularly agriculture; the approaches; the tools for implementing gender education and analysis across a variety of sectors and geographic regions including slide presentations, exercises for both trainers and audiences, sample terms of reference for contractors, and instruments to aid with gender analysis; case studies; and references

 

World Bank / FAO / IFAD

Gender in agriculture. Sourcebook. Washington: World bank, 2009.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/aj288e/aj288e00.htm

This sourcebook aims to deliver practical advice, guidelines, principles, and descriptions and illustrations of approaches that have worked so far to achieve the goal of effective gender mainstreaming in the agricultural operations of development agencies. It captures and expands the main messages of the World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development and is considered an important tool to facilitate the operationalisation and implementation of the report’s key principles on gender equality and women’s empowerment.

 

 

 

 

LAND MANAGEMENT

 

 

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Gender and land compendium of country studies. FAO, 2006.

http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_060301_en.htm

Hunger and poverty are, in general, consequences of inadequate and restricted access to land and other resources, such as capital, inputs and technology; being women among those with less access to land, while accounting for a large share in small-scale food production.

This compendium has been put together to provide an improved understanding of the complex issues concerning gender and land. It draws on research commissioned by FAO, and has been compiled by the Gender and Development Service in collaboration with the Land Tenure Service.

            Also available in French and Spanish.

 

Hartl, Maria

Rural women's access to land and property in selected countries. Analysis based on initial and periodic reports to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (1997-2003). Rome: FAO, 2003.

http://www.fao.org/sd/2003/PE07033a_en.htm

This study undertaken analyses information on the status of rural women as provided in selected reports to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) during 1997-2003. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, ratified by 170 countries, is the only human rights treaty body that deals specifically with rural women.

Countries selected for the study were classified as low-income food-deficit (LIFDC) or had recently undertaken land or agricultural reforms. The study analyzes how women's rights were respected or not in those reforms and how their access to land and property, inheritance rights and legal capacity were ensured. Statistics disaggregated by sex on rural population, indigenous population, agricultural and rural labour force, land distribution and ownership were also extracted; as was information on gender units or focal points in technical ministries, gender mainstreaming and national action plans for the advancement of rural women.

 

 

 

  Water management

 

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Sector guide. Irrigation. Rome: FAO, 2001.

www.fao.org/sd/seaga/downloads/En/IrrigationEn.pdf

This document is a guide to the integration of socio-economic and gender issues in the sub-sector irrigation. The Guide has been developed in the context of the FAO Socioeconomic and Gender Analysis (SEAGA) Programme. SEAGA is an approach to development based on an analysis of socio-economic patterns and participatory identification of women and men’s priorities. The objective of this approach is to close the gaps between what people need and what development delivers. The purpose of the Guide is to support gender-responsive participatory planning of irrigation schemes, and to integrate socio-economic and gender issues in the planning process. The ultimate aim is to improve irrigation scheme performance while strengthening the position of rural women and disadvantaged groups.

Also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese.

 

Grossman, Anna; Johnson, Nadia; Sidhu, Gretchen (eds).

Diverting the flow. A resource guide to gender, rights and water privatization. New York; Women's Environment & Development Organization (WEDO), 2003.

www.wedo.org/wp-content/uploads/divertingtheflow.pdf

This publication highlights the critical issues related to water privatization and women. Among the themes included are: water as a human right; gender roles and inequities; global policy trends; and governance issues. Case studies from Egypt, Kenya, Philippines, South Africa, United States of America, and Uruguay.

 

Koppen, B. van.

A gender performance indicator for irrigation. Concepts, tools and applications. Research Report 59. Colombo: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2002.

http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/pub059/Report59.pdf

Although gender issues are today a priority on the agendas of irrigation policy makers, interventionists, farm leaders and researchers, there is still a considerable gap between positive intentions and concrete action. An important but hitherto ignored reason for this is the lack of adequate generic concepts and tools that are policy-relevant and can accommodate the vast variation in irrigation contexts worldwide. The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation (GPII) aims to fill this gap. In any particular scheme, this tool diagnoses the gendered organization of farming and gender-based inclusion or exclusion in irrigation institutions. It informs irrigation agencies what they themselves can do for effective change-if necessary. The tool also identifies gender issues beyond a strict mandate of irrigation water provision. The Indicator was applied and tested in nine case studies in Africa and Asia. The research report presents the underlying concepts, methodological guidelines and selected applications of the GPII.

 

Lidonde, R.A.; Jong, D. de; Barot, N.

Advocacy manual for gender and water ambassadors. Delft: Gender and Water Alliance, 2003.

http://www.genderandwater.org/content/download/414/4814/file/GWA_Advocacy_Manual.pdf

This Advocacy Manual has been developed to assist members of the Gender and Water Alliance who are involved in advocating for greater attention to gender issues within the water sector. The Manual is principally aimed at GWA members designated as Gender Ambassadors, whose role is to influence debates in international and national water conferences and similar events, as well as in relation to national water policy development, implementation and monitoring. The Manual provides: information on various aspects of water management from a gender perspective; practical information on advocacy, including the skills and techniques used in lobbying, preparing and presenting speeches, and promoting attention to gender issues at conferences or similar forums; examples of training exercises which can be used to develop and practice advocacy related skills; case study examples of the practical benefits of mainstreaming gender in community level water initiatives, which can be used for advocacy and training purposes.

Also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese.

 

Maharaj N.

The gender approach to water management. Lessons learnt around the globe. Delft: Gender and Water Alliance, 2003.

http://www.genderandwater.org/content/download/234/2094/file/The_Gender_Approach_to_Water_Ma.pdf

In 2002 the Gender and Water Alliance (GWA) held e-conferences around the theme: successes and failures in gender mainstreaming in international water resources management. This booklet is a first look at the lessons that are currently emerging from the information that has been gathered.

Also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese.

 

SDC / DSC - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Gender and water: mainstreaming gender equality in water, hygiene and sanitation interventions. SDC / DCS, 2005
http://www.deza.ch/ressources/resource_en_63846.pdf

This document discusses how programme officers and water organisations can mainstream gender equality into SDC water, hygiene and sanitation interventions. It illustrates how to prioritise gender in terms of gender strategies and gender sensitive water policies and ensure that people are engaged and remain committed.

The authors consider current issues in gender and water and outline the areas in which gender perspectives need to be incorporated into the design of development interventions in the water sector. Divided into analysis, planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation, each stage includes key questions to prompt discussion and reflection, together with additional information and suggestions for improving practice.

 

SNV Rwanda / Protos

Mainstreaming Gender into water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) Programs. A training manual for water professionals. Rwanda : SNV / Protos, 2006.

http://www.genderandwater.org/page/7316

This training manual for water professionals on Mainstreaming Gender into Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programs is an integrated approach to gender and WASH issues. It consists of session plans and training materials. It contains 5hree modules:

Module 1 describes the situation with WASH in Rwanda , and global concepts and trends in the management of WASH programs are described.

In Module 2 the theoretical concepts of gender are introduced. These include social and gender analysis, gender roles and relationships and gender needs. The different development approaches to gender are explored and clarified.

Module 3 deals with project implementation. This module begins with describing gender mainstreaming and providing gender analysis frameworks and gender planning tools. Gender sensitive indicators and a log frame for WASH programs are introduced. Consideration is given to the

issues of equal opportunity policy and sexual harassment. Finally, gender mainstreaming both within an organisation and in projects are discussed.

 

UNDP - United Nations Development Programme

Gender and IWRM Resource Guide. UNDP, 2006.

http://www.genderandwater.org/page/2414

This resource guide on gender and IWRM is meant as a reference document to assist water and gender practitioners and professionals as well as persons responsible for gender mainstreaming, and anybody else who is interested in the water sector. This edition of the Resource Guide divides the resources among thirteen water sub-sectors, to facilitate access for specific purposes and water uses. Introductions to the sectors describe current debates and gender issues. References, resources (including manuals and guidelines), case studies and relevant websites are all grouped by sub-sector. The

 

UNDP - United Nations Development Programme / GWA -  Gender Water Alliance, SIDA - Swedish International Development Agency

Mainstreaming gender in water management. A practical journey to sustainability. UNDP / GWA / SIDA, 2003.

http://www.undp.org/water/docs/resource_guide.pdf

This guide serves as a comprehensive and practical tool to help project managers, gender specialists and researchers to mainstream gender into water management. Mainstreaming gender in this area is critical to reaching the Millennium Development Goals. Developed in consultation with stakeholders in various regions and supported by the Gender Water Alliance, the guide consists of five parts: (1) An introduction and overview notes on gender mainstreaming in integrated water resources management; (2) An annotated guide bringing together a wide range of existing tools and materials on domestic water supply, sanitation, hygiene, irrigation, coastal zone management, and fisheries; (3) Briefing notes on bringing a gender perspective to water sector capacity building, equality between women and men, and institutional capacity to promote gender in integrated water resources management projects; (4) Case studies and good practices from around the globe; (5) A guide to gender mainstreaming within the project cycle, with suggestions of how to tackle issues at each stage.

The information is also available on CD-Rom: E-mail bdp-water@undp.org

 

 

 

 

TRAINING MANUALS

 

Aguilar, L.

Training manual on gender and climate change. IUCN, 2009.

http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2009-012.pdf

This training manual intended to improve skills around gender and climate change and equip and develop trainers in different regions and countries. It guides the reader through ten steps to follow when planning training, including defining target groups, setting objectives and evaluation. It contains seven training modules: gender and mainstreaming; international law instruments; gender and climate change overview; gender mainstreaming in adaptation; gender sensitive strategies in mitigation; gender sensitive strategies in technology development and transfer; and gender mainstreaming in climate change financing mechanisms. Each module includes a description and analysis of the topic, the module learning objectives and a range of practical materials and activities to use, along with facilitator notes and handouts. At the end of each module there is a list of further reading, and the manual’s appendix contains an annotated bibliography.

 

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Building on gender, agrobiodiversity and local knowledge. A training manual. Rome: FAO, 2006.

http://www.fao.org/sd/dim_pe1/pe1_060302_en.htm

The present Training Manual is based on experiences collected in numerous training workshops carried out under the FAO-LinKS project in Eastern and Southern Africa. This Training Manual constitutes a conceptual guide for trainers that can be used to lead them through the issues of gender and local knowledge which are important elements for agrobiodiversity management and food security. 

One result of participating in the training will be a growing awareness of the importance of gender and local knowledge for sustainable agrobiodiversity management. The issues of gender, local knowledge and agrobiodiversity and their linkages are clearly explained. The sustainable livelihoods approach is used as an overall framework to understand better these linkages. In addition, the Manual gives an overview of the policies, processes and institutions at the global level that may affect farmers and agrobiodiversity in general.

Also available in French and Spanish.

 

 

 

 

WEBSITES

 

 

Agri-ProFocus Learning Group: Gender in value chains

http://genderinvaluechains.ning.com/

This online platform facilitates exchange between Agri-ProFocus professionals and others. Through it we aim to increase (our) gender sensitivity in working in value chains. Contains: forum; news; events; cybrary; literature; tools and video’s.

 

 

ENERGIA

International Network on Women and Sustainable Energy. "To Empower Women and Engender Energy".

www.energia.org

ENERGIA is an international network on gender and sustainable energy which links individuals and groups concerned with energy, sustainable development, and gender. ENERGIA's goal is to contribute to the empowerment of rural and urban poor women through a specific focus on energy issues.

Contains online training modules on gender and energy, and ENERGIA's searchable publication database and annotated bibliographies.

 

 

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Gender

http://www.fao.org/gender/en/

            Contains: news;  why gender;  FAO programme; insight; projects; and, resources

            Gender and land rights database

            http://www.fao.org/gender/landrights         

Disparity on land access is one of the major causes for social and gender inequalities in rural areas, and it jeopardizes, as a consequence, rural food security as well as the wellbeing of individuals and families.

This database contains country level information on social, economic, political and cultural issues related to the gender inequalities embedded in those rights.

The Database offers information on the 6 following Categories: legal frame; international treaties and conventions; customary law; land tenure and related institurions; civil xocity organizations; and, selected land  related statistics.

Dimitra Project

Rural Women and Development

www.fao.org/Dimitra/

Since 1998, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been implementing the Dimitra Project

The information contained in the Dimitra  on-line database (in English and French). contains profiles on organizations based in Europe, Africa and the Near East which have projects or programmes involving or concerning rural women and development. It also contains a list of publications of these organisations.

Men and women in agriculture: closing the gap

http://www.fao.org/sofa/gender/en/

The “Men and women in agriculture: closing the gap” website features the findings and policy recommendations of the State of Food and Agriculture 2011 (SOFA): “Women in agriculture: Closing the gender gap for development,” and will be continuously enriched with FAO’s groundbreaking research on the issue.

The site offers a topical approach to closing the gender gap in access to agricultural resources, with key facts and policy recommendations broken down by theme including education, financial services, information and extension, land, livestock, rural employment, farm labour and technologies, allowing visitors to quickly access the specific information they need.

 

 

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

IFAD contribution to MDG 3 – Gender equality and women’s empowerment

http://www.ifad.org/gender/index.htm

This section illustrates IFAD's evolving approaches to gender mainstreaming and women’s empowerment, demonstrating how the approaches have developed in recent years and how they differ across regions.

The website contains policies and strategies, plan of action, and framework; programmes; knowledge notes,  thematic and country studies,  tools and guidelines and publications.

 

 

Rural Development Institute (RDI). An institute of land law and policy.

Women and Land Program.

http://www.rdiland.org/OURWORK/OurWork_WomenLand.html

Attorneys at RDI help the rural poor in developing countries obtain legal rights to land. In their Women and Land Program, RDI has analysed and provided recommendations on women's access to and rights to land in India, China, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria and Uganda.

RDI publications include an online collection of reports on land rights, foreign aid & development: articles in academic, law, policy journals, and the press, and topical studies published by agencies such as The World Bank and the Food & Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.

 

 

World Bank

Gender and Rural Development

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTARD/0,,contentMDK:20445312~menuPK:336688~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:336682,00.html

Part of the Rural Development website of the World Bank, containing resources from the World Bank, other publications, regional gender sites, and sites from partners,

 

 

Websites concerning WATER:

 

 

Gender and Water Alliance

            http://www.genderandwater.org/

The gender and Water Alliance was established during the World Water Forum in The Hague, the Netherlands, in 2002. 120 women's organisations and gender experts work together, translating the gender mainstreaming plans into actions. The Gender and Water Alliance has its secretariat at the IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre in the Netherlands.

Because of the pooled experience and skills contained in this network, the GWA offers a mix of information and knowledge sharing activities such as electronic conferencing, a web site, advocacy leaflets and video, annual reports, capacity building and pilot programmes.

Also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese.

 

 

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

The Gender and Water Resource Guide

http://www.undp.org/water/crosscutting/genderguide/index.html

The Gender and Water Resource Guide has been developed to assist practitioners in mainstreaming gender within the context of integrated water resources management (IWRM). The mainstreaming of gender is critical to reach the Millennium Development Goals as well as the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. The resource guide consolidates available materials and gives a quick guide to accessing existing information. UNDP and its partners will aim to continually update the guide in order to keep abreast of new materials, information and concepts.

The site contains: overview notes, guide to resources on gender and NRM, briefing notes, Case studies and good practices, gender mainstreaming within the project cycle, glossary, bibliography, and links.